Crash of a Boeing 707-328 in Hamburg

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1961 at 1620 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BHSA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Paris – Hambourg – Anchorage – Tokyo
MSN:
17613
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
AF272
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
15
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
14000
Captain / Total hours on type:
401.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
8000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
960
Aircraft flight hours:
3978
Aircraft flight cycles:
1080
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll on runway 23, at a speed of 120 knots, the captain noted the aircraft was turning slightly to the left and was unable to counteract. As a result, he decided to abandon the takeoff procedure and attempted an emergency braking maneuver. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest in a field located 140 meters the runway end, broken in three. Four crew members and six passengers were seriously injured while 31 other occupants were unhurt. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. However, it was reported that a valve on the engine number two remained closed, causing the reverse system to deploy on that engine and the deviation of path during the takeoff procedure.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Shemya: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jul 21, 1961 at 0211 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N6118C
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Everett – Travis – Anchorage – Shemya – Tachikawa
MSN:
45243
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
CKA779
Location:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
13019
Captain / Total hours on type:
1118.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2061
Copilot / Total hours on type:
101
Aircraft flight hours:
10600
Circumstances:
Flight CKA779 was a Military Air Transport Service (MATS) contract flight. It originated at Everett-Paine AFB, WA (PAE), on July 20, 1961, and proceeded to Fairfield-Travis AFB, CA (SUU). At Travis AFB 25,999 pounds of cargo was loaded. The flight then departed Travis and flew non-stop to Anchorage, Alaska. At Anchorage, the crew received weather and NOTAM information for the flight to Shemya AFB, AK (SYA), which did not include the approach or field lighting deficiencies. The stop at Shemya was for the purpose of servicing the aircraft before proceeding to Tachikawa AB, Japan for refueling. The flight took off from Anchorage at 19:40 and proceeded routinely toward Shemya. The flight made contact with Shemya Radio at 00:45. It was flying at FL100 between layers of clouds. At 01:28 the crew reported 100 miles east of Shemya, estimating Shemya at 01:55. Shemya Radio cleared the flight inbound to Shemya Homer and to descend and maintain 5,500 feet. At 01:45, the flight contacted Shemya GCA and radar contact was made approximately 18 miles north-northeast of Shemya, at 5,500 feet. The GCA controller transmitted the following weather information: "Indefinite ceiling 200 feet; sky obscured, visibility one mile in fog; new altimeter 29.86." According to the GCA controller, the DC-6 intercepted the glide path for runway 10 properly and maintained a good course. When two miles from touchdown, it dropped approximately 10 to 25 feet below the glide path. At one mile out, the flight went an estimated 30 to 40 feet below the glide path, which was still well above the minimum safe altitude for the approach. When the flight, was over the approach lights, it started to descend rapidly. The aircraft struck an embankment, approx. 200 feet short of the threshold in a nearly level attitude, the nose wheel touching first, about 18 feet below the crest, very nearly aligned with the centerline of the runway. The aircraft slid up the embankment during impact and when it reached the crest, broke in two at the leading edge of the wings. The fuselage, wings, and tail section stopped and settled back on the slope. The powerplants, nose section, and the bulk of the cargo slid varying distances toward the runway and up on it for a distance of about 100 yards. Fire followed impact and the majority of the wreckage was consumed.
Probable cause:
The absence of approach and runway lights, and the failure of the GCA controller to give more positive guidance to the pilot during the last stages of his approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-749A-79-32 Constellation on Mt Gilbert: 14 killed

Date & Time: Jun 14, 1960 at 0447 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N1554V
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Seattle – Cordova – Anchorage
MSN:
2555
YOM:
1947
Flight number:
PN201
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
14
Captain / Total flying hours:
14460
Captain / Total hours on type:
4318.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2258
Copilot / Total hours on type:
563
Aircraft flight hours:
30560
Circumstances:
Pacific Northern Flight 201 failed to maintain its intended track after taking off from Cordova, Alaska, bound for Anchorage, Alaska. Mt. Gilbert is approximately 28 nautical miles to the right of the flight's first intended checkpoint and is 9,646 feet in elevation. At an altitude of 9,000 feet, crashed into the sheer face of Mt. Gilbert, killing all nine passengers and five crew members.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the crew to use all available navigational aids in establishing the aircraft's position on Amber I Airway, thereby allowing the aircraft to deviate from course and fly over hazardous terrain. A contributing factor was the failure of Air Defense Radar, which had been tracking the aircraft, to notify either ARTCC or the crew that the aircraft was proceeding on a dangerous course.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-118A Liftmaster at Elmendorf AFB

Date & Time: Feb 22, 1960
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N11817
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Anchorage - Elmendorf
MSN:
44653
YOM:
1955
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a positioning flight from Anchorage International Airport to Elmendorf AFB. The approach was completed in marginal weather conditions with a limited visibility due to fog. On final, the four engine aircraft was too low and struck the ground 1,200 feet short of runway threshold. All four crew members were rescued while the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the captain had used an rpm setting of 2200 instead of 2400 during the approach, power setting of 20" manifold pressure instead of 25" and a 40° flap setting instead of 30°. The first officer and the flight engineer were aware of this but failed to report it to the captain. Furthermore, the GCA controller advised the flight that it was below the limits of the glide path.

Crash of a Rockwell Aero Commander 520 near Skilak Lake: 6 killed

Date & Time: Apr 9, 1956 at 1000 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N5386N
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Anchorage – Seward
MSN:
520-7
YOM:
1952
Flight number:
CDV006
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
7000
Aircraft flight hours:
1136
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Anchorage international Airport at 0905LT (scheduled time of departure 0845), destination Seward. The flight plan filed with the company by Pilot John Arthur Waide contained the following: Anchorage to Seward VFR via Skilak Lake, airspeed 145 knots, estimated time en route 45 minutes. All fuel tanks were full and the fuel on board was sufficient for six hours. The estimated time for arrival at Seward was 0950. Witnesses saw the airplane flying southeast toward Seward, heard it circle Upper Russian Lake and saw it pass them again flying west-northwest at 0951. At 1255 Flight 6 was still unreported and search and rescue procedures were initiated. On April 10, 1956, at approximately 1400, the wreckage was reported on the south slope of an unnamed mountain east of Skilak Lake at an elevation of approximately 3,000 feet MSL, near latitude 60 degree 24 'N, longitude 150 degree 03'W. The aircraft was destroyed and all six occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the pilot's action in continuing flight during instrument weather conditions on a planned VFR flight through a mountain pass, and striking a mountainside while attempting to climb out. The following findings were reported:
- The gross weight at the time of takeoff exceeded the allowable gross. The weight was properly distributed. The overload was not a factor in the accident,
- At the time of takeoff the weather observations and forecast indicated that VFR flight over the route involved would be extremely marginal. These forecasts were available to the dispatcher and the pilot,
- The dispatching of the flight was at the discretion of the pilot in command. The assistance of the dispatcher in planning the flight was solely advisory in nature,
- Pilot Waide partially traversed a route segment through mountain passes in which conditions of ceiling and visibility were below VFR minimums, and were deteriorating,
- In attempting return through a pass after reversing his course, he lost visual contact and attempted to climb above the terrain,
- During the climb through the clouds the aircraft struck a mountain slope.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-DK on Mt Crillon: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 12, 1952 at 1150 LT
Registration:
N41718
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Portland – Annette Island – Anchorage
MSN:
11827
YOM:
1943
Flight number:
GEA785
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
5366
Captain / Total hours on type:
3866.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3575
Copilot / Total hours on type:
606
Aircraft flight hours:
8546
Circumstances:
Flight 785 departed Portland, Oregon, at 0200, January 12, 1952, destined for Merrill Field, Anchorage, Alaska, with a cargo of produce consisting mainly of crated eggs. The crew consisted of Captain Burton L. McGuire, Chief Pilot of General Airways, Inc., and First Officer George A. Simpson. The flight proceeded uneventfully and landed at Annette, Alaska, at 0709, at this point having completed almost one-half of the trip. At Annette, 507 gallons of 91 octane gasoline were added, resulting in a total fuel load of 650 gallons. The fueling report of the Standard Oil station at Annette reflected that the oil supply for each engine was 24 gallons. No cargo was removed from or added to the aircraft; the cargo weight upon departure was 6,177 pounds. The weight and balance manifest indicated a takeoff gross weight of 26,894 pounds, and the load was properly distributed with respect to the center of gravity. The maximum certificated takeoff gross weight for the aircraft was 26,900 pounds. The flight delayed at Annette for two hours and twenty-two minutes, awaiting improvement of weather conditions at Anchorage. Both pilots were thoroughly briefed on weather conditions by U. S. Weather Bureau personnel, and the pilots reviewed pertinent weather information several times. The aircraft was placed in a hangar to prevent ice formation due to freezing drizzle. A solid overcast was forecast over the route from Annette to Anchorage with temperature at flight level lowering from -10 degrees C. at Annette to -12 degrees C. between Sitka and Cape Spencer, and -14 degrees C. at Yakutat. Winds at the 10,000-foot level 2 were forecast as approximately 230 degrees and 45 knots to Sitka, and 200 degrees and 65 knots north of Sitka. Stable air was predicted, with little or no turbulence except over high, rough terrain where mechanically induced turbulence was expected due to the effect of strong winds. Light icing at flight level was forecast. The freezing drizzle changed to snow at about 0905, and the pilots made preparations to continue the flight. A new flight plan was filed at Annette, and Flight 785 was authorized by Air Route Traffic Control to proceed under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), direct from Annette to Sitka (off airway) and thence to Anchorage via Amber Airway No. 1. 3 The flight was to maintain at least 500 feet on top of the clouds while in the control area, join Amber 1 at Sitka at 9,000 feet, and maintain 9,000 feet. The alternate airport was Kenai, near Anchorage. Flight 785 departed Annette at 0931. The flight reported to Annette radio at 0940 that it estimated over Sitka at 1050. At 1111, Flight 785 advised Sitka radio that it was meeting strong head winds and estimated over Sitka in five or ten minutes. At 1116, the pilot reported by Sitka at 1113, 9,000 feet, and estimating Cape Spencer intersection 4 at 1156. Flight 785 reported by Cape Spencer intersection at 1147, 9,000 feet, estimating over Yakutat at 1245. This was the last radio contact with N 41748.
Probable cause:
The Board, upon consideration of all available evidence, determines that the probable cause of this accident was deviation from the planned route due to improper navigation of the flight. The following findings were pointed out:
- The flight was proceeding from Annette to Anchorage in accordance with an IFR flight plan,
- No malfunctions of any nature were reported by the crew after departure from Annette,
- Radio range stations in the area operated normally and the on-course signals were within allowable tolerances,
- One or more transmitters and receivers installed in N 41748 operated normally for at least two hours and sixteen minutes after the Annette departure,
- The wind at flight level in the crash area was from about 210 degrees and 80 knots, whereas the latest forecast wind on which the pilots were briefed was 65 knots from 200 degrees for the 10,000-foot level,
- The flight struck Mt. Crillon at an altitude of 9,000 feet MSL and about 30 miles northeast of its planned course.
Final Report: