Crash of a Douglas C-54A-1-DO Skymaster in Tacoma: 9 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC91009
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Anchorage – Yakutat – Seattle
MSN:
7453
YOM:
1943
Flight number:
AS009
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
8352
Captain / Total hours on type:
738.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3220
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1483
Aircraft flight hours:
5548
Circumstances:
The flight arrived over the Seattle radio range station at 3,000 feet on its initial approach to the Boeing Airport at 1357. Shortly before Captain Farris had reported to Seattle Radio that he had 2 rough engines, but he did not declare an emergency. The condition of engine roughness is discussed below. Weather at Boeing Field, Seattle, Washington, was reported to be ceiling indefinite 500 feet visibility one mile. An instrument approach for landing at Boeing Field was made, but not completed because of the low ceiling and visibility, so the flight returned to an altitude of 1,500 feet on the northwest course of the Seattle radio range. During this time Copilot Whitting remained in the left seat and flew the airplane. The second instrument approach was made for a landing at the Seattle-Tacoma Airport, sometimes referred to as the Bow Lake Airport, which is located 4 miles south of the Seattle radio range station. The airplane was flown inbound on the northwest course of the range. Then, after passing over the range station at 1,500 feet, a heading of 193 degrees toward the airport was flown, and a descent made for landing. The aircraft was first observed at the Seattle-Tacoma Airport when approximately 500 feet above the approach and of Runway 20, 5,611 feet long, at which time it was flying at an angel to the left of the runway. An "S" maneuver and rapid decent were made. A right turn was entered and held until the airplane was again over Runway 20, then it turned left. When the airplane first made contact with the runway it was in the left turn, and the left wing was so low that those who observed the landing thought that it would strike the ground. The first point of touchdown was made 2,748 feet beyond the approach end of the runway. The airplane progressed over the remaining distance of the runway without apparent deceleration. Captain Farris, who had taken over the controls of the airplane when it was in the left turn, stated that he allowed the airplane to slow down of its run accord to 50 or 60 miles per hour before applying brakes, and that he released the emergency air bottle 1,000 feet from the end of the runway. Before passing over the end of the runway an attempt was made to groundloop the airplane to the left by applying power to engine 4. Nevertheless, the airplane traveled almost straight ahead. It went off the end of the runway, crossed 229 feet of wet ground, and then rolled down a 24-foot embankment. At the bottom of the embankment it struck a ditch which sheared off the left lending gear and the left wing. The aircraft continued on to the intersection of the Des Moines Highway and South 188th Street where it collided with a moving automobile. Spilled gasoline was ignited, and the wreckage was enveloped in flames. The Weather Bureau at tie Seattle-Tacoma Airport made an observation immediately following the crash and reported an indefinite ceilings, 400-foot overcast, visibility variable one-half to one mile, and light rain and fog.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the landing of the airplane too far from the approach end of a wet runway and at a speed too great to accomplish a full stop on the runway.
The following factors were considered as contributory:
- The flight arrived over the approach end of the intended runway too high and non properly lined up for a normal landing,
- First touchdown was made at a point 2,748 feet from the approach end of Runway 20, 5,611 feet long, at which time the airplane was in a left bark steep enough to place the left wing tip almost on the ground,
- The left outboard main landing gear tire marked the runway for a distance of 105 feet after which the airplane flow 60 feet. Seven hundred and eleven feet of runway were traversed from the first point of touchdown before all 4 main landing gear wheels were solidly on the runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Yakutat: 13 killed

Date & Time:
Registration:
NC95486
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Anchorage – Yakutat
MSN:
6065
YOM:
1942
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Captain / Total flying hours:
4300
Captain / Total hours on type:
1000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2000
Aircraft flight hours:
3756
Circumstances:
The flight departed from Anchorage at 0020, November 27, 1947, carrying 11 revenue passengers and 600 gallons of fuel. At 0238 the flight reported that it was over Yakataga, Alaska, at 6,000 feet, and that it was proceeding in accordance with instrument flight rules to Yakutat, estimating arrival there at 0320. Twenty-eight minutes later at 0306 the flight called Yakutat Radio, stating that it was leaving the 6,000-foot altitude and making an approach "straight in." The CAA communicator acknowledged and transmitted the Yakutat weather "Indefinite ceiling, 500-foot overcast visibility 3 miles, light drizzle, temperature and dew point 43 degrees, wind from the east-southeast at 10 miles per hour, altimeter setting 30.17." Yakutat Radio again called the flight at approximately 0316, requesting that it report the height of the ceiling when it descended into the clear. This was acknowledged by, "Okay Yakutat." No further communication was received from the flight. Shortly after the last transmission the airplane was heard to fly at a low altitude over a residence which was located approximately 300 feet south of the CAA Yakutat Radio station, and seconds later the occupants in the residence heard an explosion.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was failure to follow the approved instrument approach procedures while making an initial approach to Yakutat at an altitude insufficient to clear trees along the flight path.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-049-46-26 Constellation in Wilmington: 5 killed

Date & Time:
Operator:
Registration:
NC86507
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Wilmington - Wilmington
MSN:
2028
YOM:
1945
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
4431
Captain / Total hours on type:
736.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
7680
Copilot / Total hours on type:
379
Aircraft flight hours:
3256
Circumstances:
At 1210 the flight called the Wilmington-New Castle Tower and asked to be cleared for an instrument approach to runway one. The flight advised that they would fly law over the field on their first approach, and that they would then circle and land The approach was made, and the aircraft flew low over the field to the immediate right of runway one. After passing the north end of the runway. a climbing left turn was made to an altitude of 400 to 500 feet. The aircraft circled at that altitude until approximately one mile west of the south end of runway one, then it started a gliding left turn, toward the field. One-half mile south of the airport the turn was completed, and the aircraft flew a straight course on final approach toward runway one for landing. This last turn onto final approach was completed at an altitude of 200 to 300 feet. The landing gear was down, but the flaps were not extended. The descent on final approach continued normally until the aircraft had reached an altitude of approximately 50 feet above the ground, at which time it was 500 to 1,000 feet from the approach end of runway one. Then, the aircraft was observed to assume a nose-high attitude and to descend more rapidly. First contact with the ground was made 130 feet Prom the approach end of runway one, and 22 feet in front of a 5-foot embankment. The top of this embankment was level with the runway. Since the embankment was uniformly covered with sod, it was not discernible from the air. The extreme loads which were imposed upon the aircraft structure as it rolled into and over the rising embankment immediately after it had settled to the ground caused considerable damage to the landing gear, fuselage, and wings. Forced back into the air by the rise of the embankment, the airplane landed for the second time on the runway, skidding forward 1,270 feet. The right wing was torn from the fuselage as the aircraft turned over to an inverted position. Fuel spilled from ruptured gasoline tanks ignited, and the wreckage burst into flames.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the inadvertent landing of the aircraft short of the runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a North American TB-25J-25-NC Mitchell in Mt Magazine: 6 killed

Date & Time:
Operator:
Registration:
44-30007
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Chicago – Barksdale
MSN:
108-33282
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
While cruising in a thunderstorm area, the aircraft went out of control and crashed in Mt Magazine, about five miles northwest of Havana, Arkansas. All six crew members were killed.

Crash of a Lockheed 9D2 Orion in Los Angeles

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC799W
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
208
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances. No casualties. The accident occurred in November 1947 (exact date unknown). The aircraft was owned by F. H. Stewart and T. M. Gibson.

Crash of a Boeing B-29A-60-BN Superfortress near Spokane: 5 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-62063
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
MSN:
11540
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
Crashed in a mountainous area located some 30 miles northeast of Spokane. Five crew members were killed and five others were injured.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6 in Gallup

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC90741
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco – Chicago
MSN:
43046
YOM:
1947
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9747
Captain / Total hours on type:
435.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3572
Copilot / Total hours on type:
417
Aircraft flight hours:
142
Circumstances:
Enroute from San Francisco to Chicago, the crew informed ATC that a fire erupted in the rear compartment of the aircraft and decided to divert to Gallup Airport for an emergency landing. The aircraft was difficult to maneuver and landed in flames. After it came to a halt, all 25 occupants were quickly disembarked and helped by local rescuers before the aircraft being totally destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of these accidents was the combustion of gasoline which had entered the cabin heater combustion air intake scoop from the No 3 alternate tank vent due to inadvertent overflow during the transfer of fuel from the No 4 alternate tank.
The failure of the manufacturer and the Civil Aeronautics Administration to exercise full caution in the analysis of the fuel system of the DC-6 relative to proper location of fuel tank vents to provide non-hazardous location for fuel drainage, as required by existing regulations, and the insufficient attentiveness on the part of the manufacturer, the Civil Aeronautics Administration, and the air carriers to the procedures of fuel management employed by pilots operating DC-6 aircraft, were contributing factors.
This case was categorized as similar as the United Airlines' DC-6 that crashed in Bryce Canyon on October 24, 1947, killing all 52 occupants.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-4 in Annette Island: 18 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC88920
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Seattle – Annette Island – Juneau
MSN:
10317
YOM:
1944
Flight number:
PA923
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
13
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Captain / Total flying hours:
13565
Captain / Total hours on type:
514.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
12412
Copilot / Total hours on type:
359
Aircraft flight hours:
4146
Circumstances:
Flight 923 departed at 1030 October 26, 1947, from Seattle, Washington, for Juneau, Alaska, with an intermediate stop scheduled at Annette Island Captain Alf N. Monsen flew as pilot and First Officer Laurence A Foster as copilot. The airplane carried 13 passengers including an infant, a crew of five, 2,500 gallons of fuel, and 822 pounds of cargo. This load was within the allowable airplane weight and was properly distributed in respect to the center of gravity. Company weather information given to Captain Monsen before departure was to the effect that there would be unlimited ceiling from Seattle to Comox, British Columbia. Then at the cruising altitude of 9,000 feet, instrument conditions, light icing, and light to moderate turbulence was expected over the route. Winds were forecasted to be from 200 to 230 degrees at 30 to 40 knots. It was also forecasted that at the time of the flight's arrival over Annette there would be an 800-foot overcast, lower broken clouds, visibility of 2 miles, light rain, and a surface wind from the south-southeast at 18 knots. A cold type occlusion or front which was moving toward Annette Island from a point about 375 miles west of there was expected to pass Annette Island before the flight arrived. Proceeding en route in accordance with an instrument clearance to fly at 9,000 feet, the flight arrived over Annette Island at 1338 after a routine trip. Earlier, at 1326, the company radio at Annette Island had transmitted a weather observation which reported an indefinite 1,400-foot ceiling, overcast, lower broken clouds, visibility of 3 miles, rain, wind southeast at 28 miles per hour, with gusts to 40 miles per hour. The flight acknowledged receipt of this information. Airway Traffic Control cleared the flight to pass over the radio range station located 1 5 mile northwest of the airport at 7,000 feet and then to proceed with a normal instrument letdown and approach to the field. The flight acknowledged this clearance, and reported its position over the radio range station at 7,000 feet at 1338. The normal instrument procedure for Annette Island was established with regard to the mountainous terrain east and northeast of the airport, which rises to an elevation of 3,596 feet on Tamgas Mountain. This procedure required the flight, after approaching from the south at 7,000 feet and reporting over the radio station, to remain west of the south course of the range while on instruments. Five minutes after the flight reported over the range station, at 1343 it advised Annette Radio that it was proceeding to Juneau, approximately 250 miles north-northwest of Annette Island, because of extreme turbulence. This was the first indication that the flight was encountering any difficulty in accomplishing a normal letdown and approach to the airport. In response, Annette Radio asked the flight to report its altitude, but there was no reply. After repeated calls to the flight Annette Radio issued an alert at 1401. It was estimated that the flight at the time of its last radio contact had aboard 9 hours and 16 minutes of fuel. At approximately 1430 the Civil Aeronautics Board was notified, and a search by air, land, and sea was immediately begun. However, adverse weather conditions retarded the search to such a degree that the wreckage was not located until 5 days after the accident October 31, 1947. It was found that the airplane had crashed on the north slope of Tamgas Mountain, approximately 8 miles east of Annette Island Airport and 8 miles east of the south course of the Annette radio range.
Probable cause:
The Board finds that there is not sufficient evidence to determine the probable cause of this accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6 in Bryce Canyon: 52 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC37510
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Los Angeles – Denver – Chicago
MSN:
42875
YOM:
1947
Flight number:
UA608
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
47
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
52
Captain / Total flying hours:
15000
Captain / Total hours on type:
136.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3046
Copilot / Total hours on type:
66
Aircraft flight hours:
933
Circumstances:
Flight 608 departed Los Angeles, California, at 1023 with its destination Chicago, Illinois, to cruise at 19,000 feet according to visual flight rules. Routine position reports were made over Fontana, Daggett and Silver Lake, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Saint George, Utah. During the latter report, the flight indicated that it estimated passing over Bryce Canyon, Utah, at 1222. At 1221 Flight 608 reported that a fire had been detected in the baggage compartment which the crew was unable to extinguish. The report added that the cabin was filled with smoke and that the flight was attempting to make an emergency-landing at Bryce Canyon Airport. Shortly thereafter the flight again reported that the “tail is going out--we may get down and we may not.” At 1226 another transmission was received from the flight indicating that it was going into the “best place” available. One minute later the flight reported “we may make it--approaching a strip.” No further contact was had from the flight. Witnesses who observed the aircraft as it was approaching Bryce Canyon from approximately 20 miles southwest first observed what appeared to be white smoke streaming from the aircraft, followed later by dense black smoke. The first witnesses who observed fire in the bottom of the aircraft at approximately the center-section were located approximately 15 miles south of Bryce Canyon. Until shortly before the moment of impact, the aircraft appeared to be under normal control; however, no witnesses were located who observed the crash.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the combustion of gasoline which had entered the cabin heater air intake scoop from the No. 3 alternate tank vent due to inadvertent overflow during the transfer of fuel from the No. 4 alternate tank. Contributing factors were the improper location of the No. 3 alternate tank air vent outlet and the lack of instructions provided DC-6 flight crews concerning hazards associated with fuel transfer.
The failure of the manufacturer and the Civil Aeronautics Administration to exercise full caution in the analysis of the fuel system of the DC-6 relative to proper location of fuel tank vents to provide non-hazardous location for fuel drainage, as required by existing regulations, and the insufficient attentiveness on the part of the manufacturer, the Civil Aeronautics Administration, and the air carriers to the procedures of fuel management employed by pilots operating DC-6 aircraft, were contributing factors.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3 in Sylva: 3 killed

Date & Time:
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Charlotte – Gainesville
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Charlotte in a hurry because the pilot was afraid the cargo of baby chicks might suffocate due to high temperatures on the ground. Weather condition were not carefully checked. The crew were not able to locate their destination because of weather conditions and other station interference with their ADF. The DC-3 was found to have crashed into a mountain.
Source:
https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19471016-1