Crash of a Convair C-131E at Ogden-Hill AFB: 1 killed

Date & Time: Feb 4, 1963
Operator:
Registration:
55-4758
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Ogen-Hill - Norton
MSN:
345
YOM:
1956
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
Shortly after rotation, while in initial climb, one of the engine failed. The crew feathered the propeller and the captain decided to make an emergency landing. The aircraft belly landed and slid for several before coming to rest in flames in a gully located 4 miles southeast of the airfield. A passenger died while 19 other occupants were rescued. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Engine failure during initial climb.

Crash of a Convair CV-440-62 Metropolitan in Seville: 18 killed

Date & Time: Oct 12, 1962
Operator:
Registration:
EC-ATB
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Madrid – Barcelona – Valencia – Seville
MSN:
443
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Circumstances:
While on final approach to Seville-San Pablo Airport, the crew was able to send a brief mayday message, reporting that the aircraft caught fire. Shortly later, the airplane went out of control and crashed onto a hill located 4 km short of runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire and all 18 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Convair CV-440-59 Metropolitan in Curitiba: 21 killed

Date & Time: Jun 16, 1958 at 1745 LT
Operator:
Registration:
PP-CEP
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Florianópolis – Curitiba
MSN:
493
YOM:
1958
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Circumstances:
The aircraft was proceeding from Florianópolis when over NDB CT it received instructions from the tower to initiate the approach procedure for Runway 33, whereupon the pilot started his intermediate approach. After three minutes, since the aircraft had not reported on base turn, the tower operator called the pilot to check the aircraft's position, but received no reply. Having lost two-way radio contact, the tower gave the alarm, and later learned that the aircraft had crashed. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission found chat in the final phase of the intermediate approach leg, the base turn and the beginning of the final approach, the aircraft was flying in cumulonimbus. It was therefore concluded that downward currents had affected the rate of descent to the extent of making the aircraft lose altitude and ultimately crash to the ground. Five crew members and 16 passengers were killed and 5 passengers were seriously injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was due to downdrafts.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-440 Metropolitan in Montevideo: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 18, 1957 at 2120 LT
Operator:
Registration:
PP-AQE
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
São Paulo – Porto Alegre – Montevideo – Buenos Aires
MSN:
456
YOM:
1957
Country:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
30
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre, Montevideo (Carrasco) and Buenos Aires . Thirty passengers and five crew were aboard. At Porto Alegre the aircraft was refuelled and took off at 1917 hours for Montevideo with 1 471 gallons on board. It passed over Treinta y Tres at 2039 hours, flying at 2 400 metres, IFR. Over Minas the aircraft was cleared to descent to 1 200 metres and was instructed by the control centre to call back when 50 km out from the aerodrome. The flight again contacted the control centre from that point. The aircraft was transferred to aerodrome control and overflew the CAR radio beacon at 2115 hours, at 600 metres, visual. It carried out a visual approach procedure as the runway lights were clearly visible throughout. However, it undershot and the port and nose wheels hit a small earth bank bordering highway 102. It is considered that the aircraft was correctly aligned with the runway, or was perhaps making a slight left turn in order to correct a small deviation. The starboard wing touched ground some 2 metres further on. Some 170 metres further on the aircraft lost both propellers and the starboard engine. The starboard wing broke off causing the entire fuselage to effect a turn of 180° on its longitudinal axis. At the same time, unequal friction against the ground caused the body of the fuselage to skid to the right, turn on its vertical axis and come to rest 380 metres from impact. The slope, though slight, contributed to the downward movement of the aircraft. The accident occurred between 2119 and 2121 hours. One crew member was killed.
Probable cause:
From the evidence collected there is no doubt that the accident was due to pilot error. Nevertheless, the Commission found no actual proof of what caused this error. The possible factor of malfunction of flight material or ground aids and services has been ruled out. The pilot-in-command is unable to explain why the aircraft struck the ground when, according to his visual estimation and instrument reading, he should have had about 80 metres clearance. He was so certain of this that he was entirely convinced of having collided with another aircraft. From the only altimeter which was in a condition to be examined, it was seen that at least the copilot should have had a true reading of the distance from the ground. When the pilot last observed the instrument, it read 100 metres. At this very moment his visibility was reduced to nil, as he entered a small fog patch (below the correct track) and switched on his landing lights, thereby reducing or eliminating the possibility of direct visual reference. It should be pointed out that at the point where visibility cleared again before impact, the runway provided the pilot's only visual reference, as the entire area below was almost completely dark, apart from the fact that it was probably covered by a very thin layer of fog on the ground.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-440-11 Metropolitan in Shannon: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jul 15, 1956 at 0135 LT
Operator:
Registration:
HB-IMD
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
San Diego – New York – Gander – Shannon – Zurich
MSN:
335
YOM:
1956
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed from San Diego, California, at 0407LT on 12 July for Zurich Airport, Switzerland, with two American pilots at the control, on a delivery flight to Swissair. Intermediate stops included New York, Gander and Shannon. Having left New York at 1240 GMT on 14 July 1956, the aircraft landed at Gander at 1659 GMT. After a stop of 57 minutes, it left Gander for Shannon at 1748 GMT carrying the same crew of 4 members. Following an uneventful ocean crossing the aircraft at 0008 hours on 15 July was given initial descent clearance to Shannon and was then cleared into the Shannon Holding Pattern, where four other aircraft were holding. At 0125 hours the aircraft commenced a Ground Controlled Approach to runway 23 and on establishing visual reference to the ground broke off the approach for a left-hand visual circuit to runway 05. During the turn onto final approach to runway 05, the aircraft, while banking steeply was observed to drop. The aircraft was destroyed on impact with the ground at approximately 0135LT and the 4 occupants were killed. There was no fire.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of the accident was an error of judgment by the pilot, resulting in the execution of an abnormally steep turn onto final approach during which the aircraft slipped into the ground.
Possible contributory factors were:
- That for the successful execution of an approach involving a steep turn near the ground on a very dark night, there had been insufficient visual guidance from the terrain,
- Impairment of the pilots' proficiency due to the length of the period on duty.
Final Report: