Crash of a MBB HFB-320 Hansa Jet in Phoenix

Date & Time: Mar 9, 1973 at 2024 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N320MC
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco - San Diego - Phoenix - Santa Fe
MSN:
1034
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
11672
Captain / Total hours on type:
1200.00
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a flight from San Francisco to Santa Fe with intermediate stops in San Diego and Phoenix. At Sky Harbor Airport, the airplane landed on its belly, slid for several dozen yards and came to rest in flames. While all seven occupants escaped uninjured, the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
On approach, the crew failed to use the checklist and forgot to extend the landing gear.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Aero Commander 520 in Central Mills

Date & Time: Mar 7, 1973 at 1331 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N7324
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Greenville - Montgomery
MSN:
520-94
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3000
Captain / Total hours on type:
360.00
Circumstances:
En route from Greenville, Mississippi, to Montgomery, Alabama, both engines failed almost simultaneously. The pilot reduced his altitude and attempted an emergency landing when the airplane struck tree tops and crashed in a wooded area located in Central Mills. While both passengers were slightly injured, the pilot was seriously wounded.
Probable cause:
Failure of both engines in flight caused by a fuel exhaustion. The following factors were reported:
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Mismanagement of fuel,
- Inadequate maintenance and inspection,
- Fuel system: vents, drains, tank caps,
- Fuel siphoning,
- Fuel exhaustion,
- High obstructions,
- One side of locking arm of the right fuel cap broken off, rust in break,
- Red fuel stains on wing and fuselage.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24 in Atlanta: 7 killed

Date & Time: Feb 26, 1973 at 1012 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N454RN
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Atlanta - Miami
MSN:
24-121
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Captain / Total flying hours:
5600
Captain / Total hours on type:
2150.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
4
Aircraft flight hours:
4041
Circumstances:
A Gates Learjet 24, N454RN, operated as a corporate flight by Machinery Buyers Corp., crashed following takeoff from runway 20L at DeKalb-Peachtree Airport, Atlanta, Georgia. The aircraft was destroyed by impact and fire. The two crewmembers and five passengers were fatally injured and one person on the ground sustained serious burns. An apartment building was damaged, three parked vehicles were destroyed, and another vehicle was damaged by impact and fire. The pilot had filed an Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plan from Atlanta, Georgia, to Miami, Florida, with a proposed departure time of 09:50 and an en route altitude of Flight Level 410. The flight was cleared for takeoff from runway 20L at 10:10. The weather at the time of the accident was overcast, with ceiling 500 feet, visibility 4 miles in fog and smoke, wind 060° at 4 knots, altimeter setting 30.20 inches. Ground witnesses stated that the airplane had made a normal take-off, but was trailing blue-white or blue-gray smoke when it crossed the airport boundary. The following conversation with the flight was recorded by the airport control tower:
Tower - "Lear 454RN it appeared the left engine laid a pretty good layer of smoke out of the left side there for approximately 300 or 400 feet."
454RN - "We just hit some birds."
Tower - "Roger, you turning to land?"
454RN - "Don't believe we're gonna make it." (Last transmission by the crew.
The aircraft climbed to a height about 250 to 300 feet above the ground before it started to settle in a nose-high attitude. The airplane collided initially with the roof of a three-story apartment building, approximately 2 miles south-southwest of the airport. The wreckage came to rest in a wooded ravine adjacent to a busy highway, 165 feet southwest of the damaged building. The airplane's takeoff path was over a residential area which contained numerous apartment complexes, shopping centers, and busy thoroughfares. A suitable emergency landing site was not available. The airplane's windshield and center post contained bird residue and bird feathers. After the accident, the remains of 15 cowbirds were found within 150 feet of the departure end of runway 20L. Both engines showed distortion and foreign object damage to the compressor rotor assemblies. Foreign material obstructed approximately 75 percent of the cooling air ports of the first-stage turbine nozzles.
Probable cause:
The loss of engine thrust during takeoff due to ingestion of birds by the engines, resulting in loss of control of the airplane. The Federal Aviation Administration and the Airport Authority were aware of the bird hazard at the airport; however, contrary to previous commitments, the airport management did not take positive action to remove the bird hazard from the airport environment.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II in Brookfield: 4 killed

Date & Time: Feb 19, 1973 at 0751 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N1536T
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Milwaukee - Dayton
MSN:
421B-0306
YOM:
1973
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
8389
Captain / Total hours on type:
27.00
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Milwaukee-Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport, while climbing, the pilot informed ATC about technical problems with the left engine and was cleared to return for an emergency landing. While trying to join the approach path, he lost control of the airplane that crashed in flames on a road located in Brookfield, about five miles southwest of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire and all four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Engine failure or malfunction during climb to cruise. The following factors were reported:
- Powerplant failure due to fuel injection system obstructed,
- Foreign material affected normal operations,
- The pilot's attention diverted from operation of aircraft,
- The pilot failed to maintain flying speed,
- Low ceiling,
- N°1 cylinder nozzle core on left engine was partially blocked,
- Fuel flow 18 pounds per hour observed spinning.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 680F in Battle Ground: 3 killed

Date & Time: Feb 17, 1973 at 0859 LT
Registration:
N69HE
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Salem - Seattle
MSN:
680F-932-5
YOM:
1960
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
2000
Captain / Total hours on type:
9.00
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude on a flight from Salem to Seattle, the pilot encountered icing conditions and was cleared to divert to Portland. Shortly later, control was lost and the airplane entered a dive. Both wings and elevators separated prior to final impact. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
While cruising in poor weather conditions, the pilot suffered a spatial disorientation. The following factors were reported:
- Exceeded designed stress limits of aircraft,
- Overload failure,
- Lack of familiarity with aircraft and lack of recent experience on instruments,
- Low ceiling, rain, icing conditions,
- Visibility down to zero,
- Both outbound wings and horizontal stabs separated prior to impact.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft D18S in Paris: 4 killed

Date & Time: Feb 7, 1973 at 2000 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N80042
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Bowling Green - Paris
MSN:
A-186
YOM:
1946
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
19950
Circumstances:
The crew started the approach to Paris Airport by night and poor weather conditions. On final in heavy rain showers, the pilot-in-command passed below the minimum descent altitude when the twin engine airplane struck trees and crashed in flames. All four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the pilot-in-command. The following factors were reported:
- Low ceiling, rain and fog,
- Visibility one mile or less,
- Descended below MDA in heavy rain until impact with trees.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421A Golden Eagle I in Palm Springs: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1973 at 1604 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N42J
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Phoenix - Palm Springs
MSN:
421A-0185
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
2190
Circumstances:
On approach to Palm Springs Airport, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed in an isolated area. The wreckage was found a day later and all three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the pilot who conducted improper or non-standard IFR approach for unknown reason.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C90 King Air in Cedar Rapids: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jan 3, 1973 at 1722 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N936K
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Omaha - Cedar Rapids
MSN:
LJ-539
YOM:
1972
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
4225
Captain / Total hours on type:
25.00
Circumstances:
The crew started an ILS approach to Cedar Rapids Airport in poor weather conditions when control was lost. The airplane dove into the ground and crashed in an open field located few miles from the airport. The twin engine airplane was totally destroyed and all five occupants have been killed. It was determined that in poor weather conditions, the left wing, left engine and tail separated in flight, causing the aircraft to be uncontrollable.
Probable cause:
Improper in-flight decisions on part of the pilot-in-command who exceeded the designed stress limits of the aircraft. The following factors were reported:
- Overload failure,
- Separation in flight,
- Low ceiling, fog and snow,
- Turbulences associated with clouds and thunderstorms,
- Began the descent to ILS approach too late,
- It is believed that the crew expedited the descent,
- The left wing, the left engine and the tail separated in flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-300 Navajo in Stapleford

Date & Time: Jan 3, 1973
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
G-AZTL
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
31-589
YOM:
1969
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach to Stapleford Airfield in poor weather conditions, the pilot failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck trees located 2,400 meters short of runway threshold. The aircraft stalled and crashed in a field, injuring both occupants.

Crash of a Lockheed L-1329 JetStar 6 in Saranac Lake: 3 killed

Date & Time: Dec 27, 1972 at 2202 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N400M
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Grand Island - Saranac Lake
MSN:
5008
YOM:
1961
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
20128
Captain / Total hours on type:
1800.00
Circumstances:
The crew started the approach to Saranac Lake-Adirondack Airport by night and encountered poor visibility due to fog and snow showers. Unable to locate the runway, the captain decided to abandon the approach and initiated a go-around. Few minutes later, a second attempt to land was also abandoned for similar reasons. During a third attempt, the airplane passed below the MDA and once at an altitude of 2,140 feet, it struck trees and crashed in a wooded area located about 2 miles short of runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the crew. The following factors were reported:
- Low ceiling, fog and snow showers,
- Weather conditions considerably worse than forecast,
- Obscuration.
Final Report: