Crash of a Convair CV-600 on Mt Black Fork: 11 killed

Date & Time: Sep 27, 1973 at 2052 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N94230
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Memphis – Pine Bluff – El Dorado – Texarkana – Dallas
MSN:
56
YOM:
1948
Flight number:
TI655
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
11
Captain / Total flying hours:
11800
Captain / Total hours on type:
6000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
7106
Copilot / Total hours on type:
4500
Aircraft flight hours:
51208
Aircraft flight cycles:
25913
Circumstances:
Texas International Airlines Flight 655 was a regularly scheduled passenger and cargo flight from Dallas to Memphis and return, with en route stops at Texarkana, El Dorado, and Pine Bluff. Flight 655 departed Memphis on the return flight at 18:42. After a stop at Pine Bluff, the flight continued toward El Dorado were it landed at 19:53. The crew conferred with the waiting pilots and used the Convair's weather radar to examine the weather echoes west of El Dorado. The crew commented on what appeared to be a 15-mile-wide break in the line of weather echoes, near the 300° radial of the El Dorado VORTAC and about 35 miles west-northwest of the airport. As Flight 655 taxied to runway 22, the crew contacted the FSS and stated that they were taxiing and would be proceeding under visual flight rules (VFR) to Texarkana. The aircraft took off at 20:15. After takeoff, the aircraft flew a magnetic heading of 290° and climbed to an altitude of 1,500 feet msl. The flight operated between altitudes of 1,500 feet and 3,000 feet until 20:49:47. From that time until the time of impact at 20:52:19, the aircraft's altitude varied between 2,200 feet and 2,025 feet. As the flight progressed, the first officer (pilot flying) expressed concern about the flight's position relative to the elevation of the terrain. About 12 minutes before impact, the first officer stated, "I sure wish I knew where ... we were." A few minutes later he stated, "Paintin' ridges and everything else boss, and I'm not familiar with the terrain." Two minutes and 40 seconds before impact and after the captain's ordered descent to 2,000 feet, the first officer said, "I'll be .... Man, I wish I knew where we were so we'd have some idea of the general ... terrain around this ... place." The captain told the first officer that the highest point in the area was "twelve hundred" feet and that they were not near that point. About 14 seconds before impact, the first officer mentioned that they were about to pass over Page VORTAC. Six seconds later the captain said that the heading to Texarkana was 180°. The first officer said that it was 152°. At 20:52:17, the first officer said, "Minimum en route altitude here is forty-four hun..." His statement was terminated by the sound of the crash. The aircraft crashed into the steep, heavily wooded, north slope of Black Fork Mountain in the Ouachita Mountain Range at an elevation of 2,025 feet (617 m) and about 600 feet below the top of the ridge.
Probable cause:
The captain's attempt to operate the flight under VFR in night IMC without using all the navigational aids and information available to him; and his deviation from the preplanned route, without adequate position information. The carrier did not monitor and control adequately the actions of the flight crew or the progress of the flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690A in Alex: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 22, 1973 at 1420 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N333CA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Oklahoma City - Oklahoma City
MSN:
690-11117
YOM:
1973
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
8950
Captain / Total hours on type:
1944.00
Circumstances:
The crew left Oklahoma City-Wiley Post Airport on a local test flight. While in cruising altitude, the airplane disappeared from radar screens, dove into the ground and crashed in an open field. Debris scattered on a wide area and both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the aircraft suffered an explosive decompression in flight following an incorrect use of equipment on part of the crew. The following factors were reported:
- Electrical systems: switches,
- Pressurization control and indicating system,
- Lack of familiarity with aircraft,
- Failed to use or incorrectly used miscellaneous equipment,
- Inadequate supervision of flight,
- Explosive decompression,
- The copilot selected uncovered pressurization dump switch,
- Different panel position on 690 model.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 680 in Oklahoma City: 3 killed

Date & Time: Mar 18, 1973 at 1620 LT
Registration:
N7312
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Muskogee - Oklahoma City - Houston
MSN:
680-476-146
YOM:
1957
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1300
Circumstances:
On final approach, the twin engine airplane was too low and struck power cables. It stalled and crashed in flames few dozen yards short of runway, killing all three occupants.
Probable cause:
The pilot misjudged distance and altitude on final approach, causing the aircraft to hit power cables and to crash. High obstructions were considered as a contributory factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 65-B80 Queen Air in Oklahoma City: 7 killed

Date & Time: Dec 9, 1971 at 1453 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N252Q
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Oklahoma City - Shreveport
MSN:
LD-150
YOM:
1963
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Captain / Total flying hours:
14000
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Oklahoma City-Will Rogers Airport, while in initial climb, the left engine failed. He feathered the left propeller then initiated a left turn when control was lost. The airplane nosed down and crashed in a huge explosion, killing all seven occupants.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left engine during initial climb due to a master and connecting rods failure. The following factors were reported:
- Under torqued,
- Fatigue fracture,
- Inadequate maintenance and inspection on part of ground personnel,
- Failed to obtain/maintain flying speed,
- Improperly loaded aircraft,
- Over max gross weight about 550 lbs,
- Left engine n°5 conrod cap failed,
- The pilot turned to the dead engine.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 65-B80 Queen Air in Milo: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 21, 1971 at 2000 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N317K
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Dallas - Oklahoma City
MSN:
LD-342
YOM:
1967
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
4000
Circumstances:
While cruising by night over State of Oklahoma, the pilot lost control of the airplane that entered a dive. During the descent, the airplane disintegrated and eventually crashed in an open field located near Milo. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled descent following physical impairment of the pilot. The following factors were reported:
- Spatial disorientation,
- Alcoholic impairment of efficiency and judgment,
- Overload failure,
- Pilot blood alcohol level 1,77 ‰
- Area near total darkness.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3C in Shawnee

Date & Time: Feb 14, 1971 at 1455 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N14273
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Shawnee - Shawnee
MSN:
7366
YOM:
1943
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
27
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
12190
Captain / Total hours on type:
1540.00
Circumstances:
The airplane was engaged in a local sightseeing flight of a duration of eight minutes. Shortly after takeoff from runway 35, in initial climb, the left engine lost power. The crew reduced his altitude and elected to make an emergency landing when the right wing struck trees. The airplane lost height and crashed near a farm. All 29 occupants were evacuated, nine of them were wounded. The aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Failure of the left engine after takeoff due to spark plug problems. The following factors were reported:
- Ignition system, spark plug,
- Material failure,
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Improperly loaded aircraft, weight and CofG,
- Partial loss of power on one engine,
- Suspected mechanical discrepancy,
- Left engine n°3 cylinder rear spark plug center electrode missing,
- The aircraft was approximately 581 pounds over MTOW.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Turbo Commander 681 near Altus: 1 killed

Date & Time: Nov 25, 1970 at 2035 LT
Registration:
N9060N
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Muskogee - Hobbs - Muskogee
MSN:
681-6011
YOM:
1969
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
15000
Captain / Total hours on type:
190.00
Circumstances:
En route to Muskogee, while cruising by night, the pilot reported engine trouble but did not report any emergency. Twenty minutes later, the airplane went out of control and crashed in a huge explosion near Altus. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Powerplant failure in normal cruise for undetermined reason. The following factors were reported:
- Failed to obtain/maintain flying speed,
- Improper operation of powerplant,
- Thrust reversal unwanted,
- Partial loss of power on one engine,
- Pilot reported engine problem approximately 20 minutes before accident but no emergency,
- Reported feathering the propeller for landing,
- Propeller found in reverse position.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690 in Bethany

Date & Time: Jun 26, 1970 at 1527 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N9202N
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Oklahoma City - Oklahoma City
MSN:
690-11002
YOM:
1969
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9731
Captain / Total hours on type:
150.00
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local test flight and departed Oklahoma-Wiley Post Airport in the early afternoon to test the aircraft that has a new tail design. While cruising at a speed of 243 knots in the vicinity of the airport, the rudder detached. The airplane entered a dive and crashed in a field located in Bethany, by the airport. All three crew members were seriously injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled descent caused by the failure of the rudder and the rudder tab control system that separated in flight. The following findings were reported:
- New design rudder,
- Non-prod tab,
- Arm. encountered sustained flutter at 243 knots,
- Empennage separated in flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 65 Queen Air in Bethany: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jun 4, 1970 at 0039 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N988Q
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas - Bethany
MSN:
LC-124
YOM:
1962
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
10000
Captain / Total hours on type:
1374.00
Circumstances:
On final approach to Bethany Airport by night, the pilot completed a last turn to join the approach path when he lost control of the airplane that crashed in flames few miles from the airfield. A passenger was seriously injured while four other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Uncontrolled collision with ground during a traffic pattern-circling caused by a spatial disorientation on part of the pilot. The following factors were considered as contributing:
- Fog,
- IFR conditions,
- Disorientation while transitioning from VFR to IFR conditions while in a left turn at low altitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690 in Rosedale: 3 killed

Date & Time: May 5, 1969 at 1400 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N9001N
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Norman - Norman
MSN:
690-11000
YOM:
1969
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1454
Captain / Total hours on type:
11.00
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local test flight out from Norman Airport, consisting of various tests (stalls) in specific conditions. In flight, the pilot-in-command engaged the aircraft in a stall when control was lost. The airplane entered a dive and eventually crashed in a wooded area located in Rosedale, about 28 miles southeast of Norman Airfield. The aircraft was destroyed and all threes occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot-in-command failed to obtain/maintain flying speed, causing the aircraft to stall. The lack of familiarity with aircraft was considered as a contributing factor.
Final Report: