Crash of an Ilyushin II-76M in Pskov: 11 killed

Date & Time: Jul 8, 1993 at 2047 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
RA-86039
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Pskov - Pskov
MSN:
0934 17518
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
11
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Pskov AFB on a local training flight, carrying three passengers, eight crew members and a load of ammunition. After takeoff, while in initial climb, the crew informed ATC that a fire erupted on board and was cleared to return for an emergency landing. The aircraft went out of control and crashed in a wooded area located 3,4 km from the airport and 480 metres to the left of the extended centerline, bursting into flames. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 11 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the fire on board could not be determined. However, it is believed that fire started in the cargo hold during the takeoff roll or maybe after rotation, probably in a box containing ammunition. Fire and explosion damaged elevator control systems, causing the aircraft to become uncontrollable.

Crash of a Casa 212 Aviocar 200 in Umtata: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 6, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
TDF-01
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Umtata - Umtata
MSN:
362
YOM:
1986
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Crashed shortly after takeoff from Umtata Airport while engaged in a local training flight. Both pilots were killed.

Crash of a Learjet 35A in Cologne: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jun 7, 1993 at 1310 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
D-COCO
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Cologne - Nuremberg
MSN:
35-466
YOM:
1982
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew departed Cologne-Bonn Airport on a training flight (check flight) to Nuremberg. During the takeoff roll, at or near V2 speed, the aircraft deviated to the left and veered off runway. It rolled beside the runway for about 600 metres then returned on the runway. It took off but overturned and crashed upside down, bursting into flames. All four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined. Technical analysis did not reveal any mechanical failure on both engines. It is believed that the crew probably attempted to simulate the failure of the left engine at V1 speed and the copilot started the rotation shortly later at Vr speed. The aircraft went out of control.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.3P near Blair Atholl: 9 killed

Date & Time: May 27, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
XV193
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Lyneham - Kinloss
MSN:
4213
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
Star Trek 3
Region:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
The aircraft with the call sign 'Star trek 3' was one of three Hercules aircraft from 70th Squadron, RAF Lyneham, engaged in formation and low-level navigation training over Scotland. Having completed the formation element of the sortie, the three aircraft separated for individual exercises, which, for the crew of XV193, included a simulated drop of a small cargo pack onto a dummy drop zone in a valley, (Glen Tilt) eight miles north of Pitlochry. Having completed the simulated drop exercises and turned north to begin their egress from the drop zone, a rocky outcrop forced the crew to continue the left turn. After avoiding this obstacle, the crew elected to reverse their turn to enter the narrow valley of Glen Loch and regain the original route. In performing this
manoeuvre, at low-level and low-speed, the aircraft stalled and crashed crashed forcefully into the moorland in Glen Loch (East of Glen Tilt) near Loch Loch. All nine crew members were killed.
Crew (70th Squadron from RAF Lyneham):
S/L Graham Paul Young,
S/L Stanley Duncan Muir,
F/Lt Graham Robert John Southard,
F/Lt Stephen Paul McNally,
F/O Jonathan Huw Owen,
M/A Terence John William Gilmore,
Sgt Craig Thomas Hilliard,
Sgt Alan Keith King,
Lt/Cpl Gary Reginald Manning.
Probable cause:
There were no eyewitnesses to the final moments of the flight, and the aircraft was not fitted with an Accident Data Recorder or Cockpit Voice Recorder. The Board of Inquiry's investigation therefore remains conjecture; notwithstanding that specialist advice from various sources, including the Air Accident Investigation Branch of the Department of Transport and the aircraft manufacturer supports their findings. The investigation found that the cause of the accident was consistent with the aircraft having stalled at an altitude from which recovery was impossible.

Crash of a Swearingen SA226T Merlin III in Santa Fe: 4 killed

Date & Time: May 25, 1993 at 2114 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N241DT
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Albuquerque - Santa Fe
MSN:
T-242
YOM:
1973
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
7125
Captain / Total hours on type:
3550.00
Aircraft flight hours:
3677
Circumstances:
The purpose of the training flight was to conduct part 135 checkrides for a pilot-in-command and a second-in-command upon completion of the crew's training. The checkride was being observed by an FAA inspector seated in the cabin. After completing an ILS approach to runway 02, the flight was cleared to circle to land on runway 15. The airplane was observed overflying runway 15 and lined up for runway 20. The tower advised the pilot that he was lined up for runway 20, and was given the option to land on either runway 15 or runway 20. The pilot opted for runway 15 and was cleared to a right downwind. The airplane impacted a hill at the 6,870-feet level near the crest, approximately 5 miles west of the airport. The published circling MDA for the ILS runway 02 approach is 6,860 feet. The airport is located about 9 miles from the city, and several local pilots reported a total lack of visual reference in that segment. All four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The pilot's poorly planned circling approach, and his failure to maintain an adequate altitude. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the dark night and a lack of visual reference.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C99 Airliner near Shelton: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 28, 1993 at 2350 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N115GP
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Grand Island - Grand Island
MSN:
U-228
YOM:
1986
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
5611
Captain / Total hours on type:
2200.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1666
Copilot / Total hours on type:
44
Aircraft flight hours:
6962
Circumstances:
The flight was a part 135 six-month proficiency check for the pilot in the left seat. Both pilots were check airmen for the commuter air carrier. The flight took off at 2343 after cessation of company revenue operations. The cockpit voice recorder recorded conversation of both pilots discussing aerobatics. The pilot in the left seat started to describe the performance of a prohibited maneuver (apparently a barrel roll). The recording ended before description of the maneuver was completed. The airplane impacted in a nose level attitude with the left wing slightly down. There was evidence the maneuver was performed at an altitude insufficient to assure recovery of the airplane. A filled out grade sheet for the flight being flown was found in the check airman's mailbox. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
The deliberate disregard for the federal aviation regulations, gp express procedures, and prudent concern for safety by the two pilots in their decision to execute an aerobatic maneuver during a scheduled check ride flight, and the failure of gp express management to establish and maintain a commitment to instill professionalism in their pilots consistent with the highest levels of safety necessary for an airline operating scheduled passenger service.
Final Report:

Crash of a BAe 3101 Jetstream 31 in Merced

Date & Time: Apr 19, 1993 at 2320 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N131CA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Merced - Merced
MSN:
787
YOM:
1987
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
16990
Captain / Total hours on type:
600.00
Copilot / Total hours on type:
3925
Aircraft flight hours:
8873
Circumstances:
The company chief pilot/check pilot was giving a check flight to a company first officer (f/o). An FAA inspector was aboard to observe the check pilot's ability to give proficiency check flights. Soon after liftoff on the 2nd takeoff, the check pilot simulated an engine failure. The f/o, who was wearing a vision limiting device, allowed the airplane to drift to the left, but the FAA inspector noted that the f/o successfully regained directional control. The inspector then looked away from the cockpit, and when he looked back, the airplane was descending. Moments later, it collided with the ground. The FAA inspector reported that the check pilot was looking to the left, outside of the aircraft, and did not have his hand near the power quadrant. Review of the CVR tape revealed that, from the time the f/o was given the simulated left engine failure until impact, the check pilot did not say anything to the f/o. No maintenance discrepancy or material deficiency was noted during the investigation. The f/o had 3925 hours in this make/model of aircraft.
Probable cause:
The first officer's failure to maintain an adequate rate of climb after a single-engine loss of power was simulated, and the company check pilot's inadequate supervision and failure to note the descent. Darkness was a related factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421C Golden Eagle III in Budapest

Date & Time: Mar 25, 1993
Registration:
HA-ACA
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Budapest - Budapest
MSN:
421C-0615
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local training flight at Budapest-Ferihegy Airport. In unknown circumstances, the crew was forced to attempt an emergency landing when the aircraft crashed near the control tower, bursting into flames. Both occupants were injured.

Crash of a Cessna 402 in Antananarivo: 3 killed

Date & Time: Feb 16, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
5R-MTR
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Antananarivo - Antananarivo
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The aircraft, owned and operated by the Ministère des Transports et du Ravitaillement (Ministry of Transport and Supply) was engaged in a local training flight at Antananarivo-Ivato Airport, carrying three pilots. On approach, the aircraft crashed in unknown circumstances, killing all three occupants.

Crash of a Beechcraft 200 Super King Air in Surabaya

Date & Time: Jan 17, 1993
Operator:
Registration:
PK-TRB
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Surabaya - Surabaya
MSN:
BB-116
YOM:
1976
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a local training flight at Surabaya-Juanda Airport consisting of a series of six landings. On final approach during the 4th landing attempt, the landing gear alarm sounded. Thinking about a technical problem, the pilot-in-command increased engine power and initiated a go-around procedure. In the meantime, the copilot reduced power on both engines, causing the aircraft to lose speed and to stall. It struck the runway surface, veered to the right and eventually came to rest. Both occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Failure of the crew to follow the approach and landing checklist. On final, the pilot-in-command initiated a go-around procedure after the landing gear alarm sounded because the crew forgot to lower the undercarriage. Following a poor crew coordination, the copilot cut the throttle back, causing the aircraft to stall. The crew failed to follow the go-around procedure.