Crash of a Convair CV-240-0 in Springfield: 13 killed

Date & Time: Mar 20, 1955 at 2236 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N94234
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Newark – Chicago – Saint Louis – Springfield – Tulsa
MSN:
66
YOM:
1948
Flight number:
AA711
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
32
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Captain / Total flying hours:
9670
Captain / Total hours on type:
1324.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1922
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
13383
Circumstances:
American 711 reported en route to the company that it was over Vichy (a position along Victor Airway 14 about 100 miles from Springfield) and estimated it would reach the Springfield VOR station at 2233. Initial radio contact with Springfield Approach Control was established at 2218 and the flight gave it the same Springfield estimate. The approach controller transmitted the 2208 weather observation to the flight. Reported conditions were: Ceiling 400 feet overcast; visibility 10 miles; wind west 12; altimeter 29.68. In response to the controller’s question the flight then indicated it intended to land at Springfield. Immediately thereafter clearance was issued for a standard range approach, instructing flight 711 to report over the range station and when starting the procedure turn. Shortly thereafter the flight asked clearance to descend. There being no other traffic the controller cleared the flight for an approach and to descend whenever it wished. At 2229 the latest weather observation for the airport, completed at 2228, was transmitted to the flight. Conditions given were: Ceiling 500 feet overcast; visibility 8 miles, very light drizzle; wind west 10. The flight informed the controller it would make a circling approach to runway 31, the active runway. At 2234 the flight reported, “American 711, over the Omni at 34, proceeding to the field.” Approximately two minutes later an explosion was seen and heard north-northwest of the airport and attempts to contact the flight thereafter failed. The aircraft crashed about 0,25 miles short of runway 31 and was destroyed. Both pilots and 11 passengers were killed. A weather observation immediately following the accident was: Ceiling 500 feet overcast; visibility 5 miles, very light drizzle; wind northwest 8; altimeter 29.66.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was a descent to the ground while approaching the airport caused by the crew’s inattention to their flight instruments and a possible sensory illusion giving them an erroneous impression of the attitude of the aircraft. The following findings were reported:
- Weather conditions at Springfield were above the minimums for an American Airlines Convair aircraft to make a VOR instrument approach and to circle for the landing,
- The flight did not execute the CAA approved VOR instrument approach procedure but proceeded directly from the station toward the airport,
- Analysis of the existing weather conditions indicates that before the aircraft turned toward the airport visual reference with the ground was possible but not probable at the required altitude,
- While approaching the airport the aircraft was nearly on the 193-degree inbound radial required by the VOR instrument approach procedure and was flown visually below the overcast for several miles,
- The aircraft descended until it struck the ground approximately 1-1/14 miles north-northwest of the airport,
- There was no evidence found indicating malfunction or failure of the aircraft and there was no indication of an emergency aboard the aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Boeing KC-97G Stratotanker in Windsor: 9 killed

Date & Time: Feb 23, 1955
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
53-0191
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
16973
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
While conducting a night refueling mission, the aircraft suffered an engine failure. The captain elected to make an emergency landing but the airplane went out of control and crashed in a field located 3,5 miles northwest of Windsor. Nine crew members were killed while two others were injured.
Probable cause:
Engine failure in flight.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A in Kansas City: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 20, 1954 at 0708 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N49551
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Jackson – Kansas City – Atlanta
MSN:
4940
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
VK040
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
5333
Captain / Total hours on type:
2091.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5337
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1120
Aircraft flight hours:
24786
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Jackson, Michigan, for Atlanta, Georgia, with a planned intermediate stop to discharge cargo at Fairfax Airport, Kansas City, Kansas. This was a cargo flight designated as Trip 40-2011; the crew consisted of Captain William D. Speaks, Pilot in command, Captain Edward F. Kaselak and First officer Byron R. Williams. Prior to departing Jackson, the crew went to the CAA communications Station on the airport and reviewed the weather sequence reports and en route forecast and Captain Speaks also telephoned the U.S. Weather Bureau office at Detroit, Michigan, to obtain more detailed information. Following the review of the weather data, an IFR (instrument Flight Rules) flight plan to Kansas City, Kansas, was filed which indicated a cruising altitude of 10,000 feet, estimated elapsed time of four hour plus 20 minutes with seven hours of fuel on board and Springfield, Missouri, as the alternate airport, According to company records, the weight of the aircraft at takeoff was under the allowable gross weight of 26,900 pounds and the load was distributed so that the center of gravity of the aircraft was within approved limits. Routine position reports were made and when over Burlington, Iowa, at 0536, the flight was cleared to the Liberty Non-Directional Beacon, 16 miles northeast of Kansas City, to descend to and maintain 2,500 feet. At 0627, ARTC (Air Route Traffic Control) cleared the flight to the Kansas City, Missouri ILS (Instrument Landing System) outer marker to maintain 2,500 feet and to contact approach control when over Liberty. Twenty-nine minutes later, at 0656, the flight reported being over Liberty and approach control gave it the 0635 Kansas City, Missouri weather as follows: ceiling measured 600 feet, overcast, visibility 1-1/2 miles, light freezing drizzle, fog, and altimeter setting 29, 89. At this time approach control also verified that the aircraft was to land at the Fairfax Airport, Kansas City, Kansas, and immediately gave it the 0655 Fairfax Airport weather report: ceiling measured 600 feet, overcast, visibility 2 miles, light freezing drizzle, light snow fog and wind northwest 30 m.p.h. This airport is one and one-half miles northwest of the Kansas City Municipal Airport and across the Missouri River. The flight was then cleared to make an ADF approach to Fairfax for a landing on Runway 31 and was requested to report leaving the outer marker. N 49551 reported leaving the outer marker inbound at 0705 and was advised to contact the Fairfax Tower, The flight complied and requested the wind direction and runway in use. The tower replied that the runway was 31, the wind was from the north-northwest 20-30 m.p.h. and gusty, and the altimeter setting was 29.88. A few seconds later the tower also advised that the high intensity approach lights at the Kansas City Municipal Airport were on and if too bright, would be turned down. The flight's acknowledgement was negative and there was no further radio contact. At approximately 0775 the wreckage was located by the Kansas City Municipal Airport Patrol 400 feet north and 156 feet west of the approach and of Runway 17 of that airport.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the loss of control of the aircraft at an altitude too low to effect recovery, which loss of control resulted from an accumulation of ice and the use of deicer boots at low air speeds. The following findings were reported:
- The ceiling at the Fairfax Airport during the approach was 100 feet lower than CAA prescribed minimums,
- While attempting a circling approach to Runway 31 the flight encountered conditions of restricted visibility,
- The aircraft had accumulated ice during the approach and descent in sufficient quantity to adversely affect control,
- Deicer boots were operating during the approach thereby increasing the stalling speed.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL in Saint Louis: 6 killed

Date & Time: May 24, 1953 at 0418 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N53596
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Teterboro – Saint Louis
MSN:
20433
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
4641
Captain / Total hours on type:
1361.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2729
Copilot / Total hours on type:
789
Aircraft flight hours:
10923
Circumstances:
Meteor Air Transport is an irregular carrier, and in this instance was transporting a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 engine and four company employees from Teterboro, New Jersey, to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, where the engine was to be installed in a company C-46 aircraft. The flight departed Teterboro for St. Louis, Missouri, at approximately 2300, May 23, 1953, on a VFR Flight Plan filed by Captain Harold Carr with an estimated flight time of six and one-half hours. An instrument flight plan filed en route was approved from over Troy, Ohio, intersection via Green Airways 4 to St. Louis, Missouri, cruising at 4,000 feet. The flight proceeded in a routine manner and reported over Terre Haute, Indiana, at 0259, May 24, and at 0324 the following clearance was given to Vandalia radio for delivery to the flight: "ATC clears N 53596 to the Alton intersection to cross Alton at 3,000, Maintain 3,000, no delay expected, contact approach control approaching Alton." At 0357, N 53596 made its initial contact with the St. Louis Tower with the information that it was approaching Alton intersection at 3,000. In reply to an inquiry, N 53596 advised the tower that it carried ILS equipment and was recleared to the ILS Outer Marker 2 to maintain 3,000 with no expected delay and to report when over the Alton intersection. The flight was given the current St. Louis weather: ceiling measured 400 overcast, visibility 3 miles, fog and smoke, altimeter 29.93. It was cleared for an ILS approach to Runway 24 or l2, 3 wind south variable 5, to report leaving 3,000, passing Alton and the Outer Marker. N 53596 reported leaving 3,000 at 0408, passing Alton intersection at 0410 1/2 and inbound over the Outer Marker at 0414. While the controller was watching the approach end of Runway 24 expecting N 53596 to come into view at any moment, a surging of engines was heard; and almost simultaneously a message was received from the flight stating that it was over the field with an engine out. The time as noted by the controller was 0415 at which time all runny and approach lights were turned up to full intensity and the standby emergency alarm sounded. The pilot of the aircraft was advised that the surface winds were calm and to use any runway he could make. Shortly thereafter, the controller for the first and only time observed N 53596 at a position south of the field flying on a southeasterly heading above Natural Bridge Highway which runs parallel to Runway 12. The altitude of the aircraft was estimated at 300 feet and it appeared to be descending with the landing gear in a down position. Upon reaching an altitude of 200 feet, according to the controller, it started a climbing left turn and disappeared in the overcast. Repeated efforts to contact the flight were unsuccessful. It was learned shortly thereafter through the county sheriff's office that the aircraft had crashed adjacent to Brown Road near the McDonnell Aircraft Plant gate number 6. Navy emergency equipment was immediately dispatched to the scene. There was no fire. The occupants of the aircraft were Senior Captain S. J. Rankin, Captain Harold Carr, First Officers Edward J. Raftery and Arthur A. Ravitz, Stewardess Anne Marie Delicata, Superintendent of Maintenance John Swart and Floyd Evans, mechanic. Mr. John Swart was the only survivor.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was mismanagement of fuel resulting in loss of power and control while circling the field preparatory to an approach for landing. The following findings were pointe out:
- The St. Louis weather given the pilot as he approached the Alton intersection was ceiling 400 overcast, visibility 3 miles, fog and smoke, wind south 5, altimeter 29.93,
- The flight circled the airport in an attempt to remain contact below the authorized minima,
- Mismanagement of fuel resulted in the right engine stopping,
- Ample fuel remained for continued flight at the time of the accident,
- When the pilot was executing a left turn near the southeast corner of the airport, the right engine stopped and the aircraft fell striking the ground on the right wing.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-10-CU Commando in Sedalia AFB: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 16, 1945 at 1933 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-77557
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sedalia - Sedalia
MSN:
32953
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Sedalia AFB runway 13, while climbing to a height of 500 feet, the aircraft stalled and crashed in a huge explosion. Both crew members were killed.
Crew:
F/O Thomas D. Smith,
1st Lt Edward B. Ziegler.
Probable cause:
The crew did not prepare the flight properly and failed to check the aircraft prior to departure, leaving the elevator gust locks in place. In such condition, the aircraft was unable to climb properly.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-5-CU Commando near Marshall: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 22, 1945 at 1615 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-77320
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sedalia - Sedalia
MSN:
32716
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew left Sedalia AFB on a local instrument training mission. Enroute, both wings failed and the aircraft crashed in a field located east of Marshall. Both pilots were killed. It is believed that both wings failed due an overstress situation caused by a possible inappropriate attitude of the aircraft during flight.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46A-55-CK Commando near Slater: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 22, 1945
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
43-47184
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sedalia - Sedalia
MSN:
255
YOM:
1945
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
While performing a local training mission from Sedalia AFB, the crew lost control of the aircraft that crashed and burnt in a field located 5 miles north of Slater. Both crew members were killed.
Crew:
Cpt Roger J. Bernard,
Maj Thomas L. White.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL near Ironton: 5 killed

Date & Time: Dec 20, 1944 at 2220 LT
Operator:
Registration:
43-16066
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Malden – Marion
MSN:
20532
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
While cruising by night over Missouri, the crew did not realize his altitude was too low. The aircraft hit a ridge and crashed in a mountainous region located 5,6 miles south of Ironton. All five occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL in Zalma: 4 killed

Date & Time: Dec 13, 1944 at 0100 LT
Operator:
Registration:
43-16047
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Malden - Malden
MSN:
20513
YOM:
1944
Location:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a three hours glider tow training mission when the twin engine aircraft hit a ridge located two miles northeast of Zalma. All four crew members were killed.

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Grandview: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 29, 1944 at 0830 LT
Operator:
Registration:
41-38649
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sedalia – Grandview
MSN:
4752
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
On final approach to Grandview Airport, the aircraft stalled and crashed 5,6 km short of runway. All three crew members were killed.