Crash of a Douglas DC-4 in Cheyenne: 2 killed

Date & Time: Oct 8, 1946 at 0433 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC30051
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco – Cheyenne – Chicago
MSN:
10471
YOM:
1944
Flight number:
UA028
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
43
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
12573
Captain / Total hours on type:
2425.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3551
Copilot / Total hours on type:
831
Aircraft flight hours:
3077
Circumstances:
An approach from the west was then decided on by the Captain as visibility there had been fair. The First Officer contacted the tower and was cleared to land on Runway 12 (to the southeast). While headed west the Captain started a gradual left turn at the western boundary of the field, continued it for a short time and then entered a right turn in an attempt to line up with and land on Runway 12. This right turn was continued at an altitude of some 200 feet above the ground with, wheels down, 15 degree of flap and airspeed of approximately 120 mph (once as low as 110 mph). The Captain instructed the First Officer, who occupied the right hand pilot seat, (on the low and field side of the turn) to "sing out" when he saw the field. When the First Officer did see it he said "There's the field at 2 o'clock" (at a relative bearing of 60 degree). The Captain then leaned to the right to see the field himself and during this momentary diversion from the instruments enough altitude was lost to permit the right wing tip to strike the ground. The site was on rolling prairie approximately 20 feet higher than, and about 1 1/2 miles northwest of the Cheyenne Airport, on the U. S. Military Reservation of Fort Warren. At the instant of impact the aircraft was still in a right turn, banked approximately 15 degree and headed northeast. It came to rest about 700 feet beyond the point of first impact. A gasoline fire developed on the ground along the crash path and the right wing, which had been torn from the fuselage, was partly burned. Two passengers were killed while most of the other occupants were injured, some of them seriously.
Probable cause:
The Captain started a standard instrument approach to the Cheyenne Airport but did not follow through with the prescribed missed-approach procedure after descending below the minimum altitude. During the final attempt to land, the aircraft struck the ground with its right wing while in a right turn. The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was a loss of altitude during a turn preparatory to a final approach while the pilot was maneuvering in an attempt to land.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-54A-15-DC Skymaster in Chicago-Midway

Date & Time: May 29, 1946
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N30065
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Chicago - Chicago
MSN:
10388
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a local training mission consisting of approaches, landings and touch and goes. On final approach, during the last segment, the aircraft was in an excessive rate of descent and hit violently the runway surface. All undercarriage and both wings were sheared off and the aircraft came to rest. All four crew members who were carrying a check flight were injured. The aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the approach configuration was incorrect with a too high rate of descent (excessive nose down attitude) during the last segment of the flight.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-194H in Elk Mountain: 21 killed

Date & Time: Jan 31, 1946 at 0247 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC25675
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Portland – Pendleton – Boise – Denver
MSN:
2147
YOM:
1939
Flight number:
UA014
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Captain / Total flying hours:
13003
Captain / Total hours on type:
2909.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2021
Copilot / Total hours on type:
21
Aircraft flight hours:
16333
Circumstances:
On the non stop leg from Boise to Denver, while flying by night and poor visibility, the aircraft hit the slope of Mt Elk located southeast of Elk Mountain, south Wyoming. The wreckage was found few hours later in a deep snow and in poor weather conditions, about 340 feet from the summit. The aircraft was destroyed by impact forces and all 21 occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, the aircraft deviated from the prescribed flight path by 4,5 miles and its altitude was 11,000 feet.
Probable cause:
On the basis of the foregoing the Board finds that the probable cause of this accident was the deviation from the prescribed route at an altitude insufficient to assure adequate clearance over Elk Mountain.
Final Report:

Crash of a Consolidated C-87-CF Liberator Express in Whenuapai: 16 killed

Date & Time: Aug 2, 1943 at 0230 LT
Operator:
Registration:
41-24027
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Whenuapai – Brisbane
MSN:
822
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
16
Captain / Total flying hours:
17000
Captain / Total hours on type:
783.00
Circumstances:
United Airlines was performing this special flight from New Zealand to Brisbane on behalf of the US Consulate in order to rapatriate in Australia some Japanese and Thai refugees who should be swapped with US soldiers. Shortly after take off from runway 04 by night, the aircraft climbed in light rain and soft fog and went above the stratus layer when it banked left. It lost altitude, hit the ground at a speed of 200 knots, bounced twice and eventually crashed in a mangrove. On site, SAR could evacuate 16 injured persons while 14 other occupants were killed. A day later, two of the survivors died from their injuries. USAF confirmed that three of the crew and thirteen passengers were killed. All passengers were essentially women and children returnees.
Probable cause:
According to the USAF, pilots did not prepare the flight properly, did not follow the pre-departure check-list and made several mistakes during the climb procedure, causing the aircraft to adopt a wrong climb configuration. At the time of the accident, the crew members were tired as they accumulated 126 flying hours within the last 26 days, which was considered as a contributory factor.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A-197 in Oakland

Date & Time: Jan 11, 1943
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC16090
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Oakland - Oakland
MSN:
1929
YOM:
1937
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was conducting a training exercise on behalf of the USAAF. While flying in the vicinity of the Oakland Municipal Airport, the aircraft caught fire for unknown reason. The crew attempted to make an emergency landing but the aircraft crashed in flames and was destroyed by fire. Both occupants were injured.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A-191 in Wright-Patterson AFB: 3 killed

Date & Time: Nov 18, 1942
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC16064
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
1904
YOM:
1937
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
On final approach to the Wright-Patterson AFB, on of the wing hit a tree. The aircraft stalled and crashed in flames. All three crew members were killed. They were completing a cargo flight on behalf of the USAAF. For undetermined reasons, the aircraft was approaching too low.

Crash of a Douglas DST-A-207A in Salt Lake City: 17 killed

Date & Time: May 1, 1942 at 2300 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC18146
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
San Francisco – Oakland – Salt Lake City – New York
MSN:
1978
YOM:
25
Flight number:
UA004
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Captain / Total flying hours:
7015
Captain / Total hours on type:
3236.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
838
Copilot / Total hours on type:
838
Circumstances:
On approach to Salt Lake City Airport at night and in poor weather conditions, pilots did not realise they were flying too low. Aircraft hit a mountain slope few km short of runway and was destroyed by impact forces. All 17 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Navigational error on part of the crew for unknow reasons. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was deviated from its initial track. Civil Aeronautic Board was not able to establish the exact cause of the track deviation. Upon the basis of the foregoing findings and of the entire record available at this time, CAB find that the probable cause of the accident was a deviation from the proper course, for reasons undetermined, after the trip had become off contact within ten miles of the airport.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A-197C in Chicago-Midway: 10 killed

Date & Time: Dec 4, 1940 at 1748 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC25678
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
New York-La Guardia – Philadelphia – Allentown – Akron – Cleveland – Chicago
MSN:
2175
YOM:
1940
Flight number:
UA021
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
13
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Captain / Total flying hours:
5000
Captain / Total hours on type:
1535.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1800
Copilot / Total hours on type:
700
Aircraft flight hours:
2456
Circumstances:
The airplane departed New York-LaGuardia Airport on a schedule service to Chicago with intermediate stops in Philadelphia, Allentown, Akron and Cleveland, carrying 13 passengers and a crew of three. While descending to Chicago-Midway Airport, the crew encountered marginal weather conditions with clouds and icing. On final approach, at an altitude of 160 feet, the aircraft stalled and crashed short of runway. All three crew members and seven passengers were killed.
Crew:
Philip Cramer Scott, pilot,
George Sumner Young, copilot,
Florence Little, stewardess.
Probable cause:
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and upon all the evidence available at this time, investigators find that the probable cause of the accident was the failure of the pilot to exercise that degree of caution and skill required to avert a stall while approaching for a landing on the short northwest runway. A substantial contributing factor to the accident was the error in judgment of captain in choosing that short runway for his landing.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A-197 in Centerville: 10 killed

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1940 at 0442 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC16086
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Oakland – San Francisco – Sacramento – Reno – Elko – Salt Lake City
MSN:
1925
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
UA016
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Captain / Total flying hours:
16855
Captain / Total hours on type:
2160.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3341
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2500
Aircraft flight hours:
8694
Circumstances:
While cruising in poor visibility due to the night and snow falls, the aircraft impacted the slope of the Bountiful Peak located in the Wasatch Mountain Range, some five km northeast of Centerville. SAR arrived on the scene around 0900LT. The aircraft was destroyed by impact forces and all 10 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
On the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and upon all of the evidence available at this time, investigators find that the probable cause of the accident was the malfunctioning of the Salt Lake radio range and that substantial contributing factors to the accident were:
- The failure of the communications operators at Tintic, Plymouth, and Salt Lake City, Utah, whose duty it was to monitor the range, to detect its malfunctioning and immediately notify those concerned; and
- The failure of the pilot to follow to the fullest extent established radio range technique in accordance with the requirements of the procedure established by United and approved by the Civil Aeronautics Administration.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A-191 off Point Reyes: 5 killed

Date & Time: Nov 29, 1938 at 0530 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC16066
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Seattle – Portland – Medford – Sacramento – Oakland – San Francisco – Fresno – Bakersfield – Los Angeles – San Diego
MSN:
1906
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
UA006
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
8649
Captain / Total hours on type:
442.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3284
Copilot / Total hours on type:
291
Circumstances:
While flying at night, the crew failed to realize that he was following the wrong track to Oakland and was now over the sea. Both engines failed in flight, forcing the pilot to ditch the airplane off Point Reyes. Five occupants were killed, among them two crew members. The captain and a passenger survived.
Crew:
Charles B. Stead, pilot,
Lloyd E. Jones, copilot, †
Frona B. Clay, stewardess. †
Probable cause:
Failure of the pilot to definitely establish the position of the aircraft through standard orientation procedures within a reasonable time after intersecting a leg of the Oakland radio range at 0317LT, and of company flight dispatchers, charged with the responsibilities of directing the operation of the trip, to properly safeguard the flight, resulting in forced landing of the aircraft at sea due to exhausted fuel supply.
Final Report: