Crash of a Canadair CL-44D4-6 near Yerevan: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jul 18, 1981 at 1544 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
LV-JTN
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tehran - Larnaca
MSN:
34
YOM:
1962
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
After completing two round-flights from Tel Aviv to Tehran via Larnaca (Cyprus), the aircraft was returning to Cyprus after having delivered the third tranche of cargo to Iran (a load of tank spare parts and ammunition). On its return flight from Tehran to Cyprus on its third trip, while on a 300° heading to the Turkish border, the crew was instructed to turn left heading 240° direct to Cyprus. For unknown reasons, the plane went off course to the north and crossed the Azerbaijan border without any clearance. Few minutes later, a Soviet Sukhoi Su-15 fighter was dispatched to intercept the CL-44. According to Soviet accounts at that time the crew failed to respond to radio calls as well as signals from the fighter pilot flying close to the CL-44's nose. The cargo plane, while probably making the procedure turn to the left, tried to get away. In unclear circumstances, both aircraft collided. They went out of control and entered a dive before crashing about 50 km from Yerevan. All four crew people on board the CL-44 were killed while the fighter pilot was able to bail out and was found alive. It is unclear whether the collision was intentional, the Soviet pilot said it was a deliberate attempt to down the enemy aircraft, while Western aviation experts examining his account believed he misjudged a turn and subsequently invented a story of self-sacrifice.
Probable cause:
In-flight collision with a Soviet Sukhoi Su-15 fighter in unknown circumstances.

Crash of a Boeing 727-86 near Tehran: 128 killed

Date & Time: Jan 21, 1980 at 1911 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EP-IRD
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Mashhad - Tehran
MSN:
19817/537
YOM:
1968
Flight number:
IR291
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
120
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
128
Circumstances:
On the day of the accident, Iranian air traffic controllers went on strike, which led to hundreds of domestic flights being cancelled. At 1600LT the strike was interrupted and flights resumed. At 1740LT, the airplane departed Mashad Airport on schedule service IR291 to Tehran-Mehrabad Airport with 120 passengers and a crew of eight on board. At 1852LT, ATC based at Tehran-Mehrabad Airport cleared the crew for a direct approach to runway 29. At 1905LT, the dispatcher instructed the crew to take a 360° heading to reach the non-directional beacon of Varamin. On approach, the copilot informed the captain that the VORTAC was giving a wrong radial course but the captain failed to respond to this message. At 1911LT, while descending in limited visibility due to night, snow falls and foggy conditions, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain located in the Alborz Mountain Range. The wreckage was found few hours later in a snow covered terrain about 29 km north of Tehran Airport. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and none of the 128 occupants survived the crash.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the accident was the consequence of a controlled flight into terrain, favored by an inoperable instrument landing system (ILS) of runway 29, when the ground radar was inoperative. The accident occurred just three hours after the Iranian air traffic controllers had resumed work after a strike period till 1600LT. The lack of visibility due to night and poor weather conditions remains a contributing factor.

Crash of a Boeing 707-373C near Tehran: 5 killed

Date & Time: Aug 2, 1976
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HL7412
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
London - Tehran - Seoul
MSN:
19715/642
YOM:
1967
Flight number:
KE642
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
After takeoff from runway 29 at Tehran-Mehrabad Airport, while climbing in limited visibility, the four engine airplane drifted to the right instead of making a left turn as mentioned in the Standard Instrument Procedures for OIII Airport Runway 29. At an altitude of 6,500 feet, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain (2,020 metres high) located 17 km northwest of the airport. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all five occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain after the crew failed to follow the published procedures for a standard departure from runway 29.

Ground accident of a Sud-Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 10B3 in Tehran: 15 killed

Date & Time: Mar 15, 1974 at 0809 LT
Operator:
Registration:
OY-STK
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Hong Kong – Bangkok – New Delhi – Tehran – Copenhagen
MSN:
266
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
NB901
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
92
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
15
Captain / Total flying hours:
9600
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6000
Aircraft flight hours:
13773
Circumstances:
Preparing for takeoff on its flight back to Denmark, the crew completed a backtrack on runway 29L when he was instructed by ATC to expedite the procedure and to vacate due to traffic on approach. When the airplane reached the end of the runway, the crew initiated a turn to the left when the right main gear collapsed and punctured the right wing and the fuel tank. A fire ensued and the aircraft came to rest in flames. 15 passengers (7 Danish and 8 Swedish citizens) were killed while 81 other occupants escaped, some of them were seriously injured. The aircraft was partially destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The right main gear failed as a result of the propagation of fatigue cracks in the lower right hand candelabre of RIB 44.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130E Hercules in Tehran: 10 killed

Date & Time: Feb 28, 1974
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
5-122
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
4393
YOM:
1970
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Circumstances:
While approaching Tehran-Mehrabad Airport, the four engine airplane struck the slope of a mountain and crashed. All 10 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-8-53 in Bombay

Date & Time: Sep 24, 1972 at 0646 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
JA8013
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Frankfurt – Rome – Beirut – Tehran – Bombay – Bangkok – Tokyo
MSN:
45681/214
YOM:
1964
Flight number:
JL472
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
14
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
108
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On approach to Bombay by night, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with rain falls and limited visibility to 1,500 meters. Following a succession of errors, the crew completed the approach to Bombay-Juhu Airport runway 08 (1,143 meters long) instead of Bombay-Santa Cruz International Airport runway 09. After touchdown, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran and came to rest in flames into a ravine. All 122 occupants were evacuated, 9 of them were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Canadair CL-44J in Dhaka: 8 killed

Date & Time: Dec 2, 1970 at 1600 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
TF-LLG
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Hamburg – Tehran - Dhaka
MSN:
36
YOM:
1964
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
The aircraft was completing a humanitarian flight from Hamburg to Dhaka with an intermediate stop in Tehran, carrying a crew of four and 27,5 tons of foods on behalf of the International Red Cross Comity. On final approach to Dhaka-Tejgaon Airport, the airplane went out of control and crashed onto several houses located in a district 10 km northwest of the airport. All four crew members were killed as well as four people on the ground.
Probable cause:
It appeared that the hydraulic gust lock system activated in flight, causing the controls to lock. It is believed the rudder was blocked in neutral position and the ailerons in a upper position. Also, it is believed that hydraulic back pressure had built up because of a malfunctioning switch valve when hydraulics where armed on descent. The aircraft already suffered a major hydraulic contamination during a previous flight in the Azores Islands. On takeoff, both hydraulic pumps failed, causing a total hydraulic loss and forcing the crew to fly gear down to Madrid.

Crash of a Rockwell Aero Commander 500B near Mianeh

Date & Time: Oct 6, 1970
Operator:
Registration:
EP-ALP
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Tehran - Tabriz
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
En route from Tehran to Tabriz, the crew encountered unknown technical problems and decided to reduce his altitude and to attempt an emergency landing. The aircraft belly landed in a desert area located about 27 km northwest from Mianeh (120 km southeast from Tabriz) and slid for several yards before coming to rest in flames. Both occupants escaped while the aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire.

Crash of an Avro 685 York C.1 near Karaj: 4 killed

Date & Time: Mar 15, 1963 at 0910 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OD-ACZ
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tehran – Beirut
MSN:
1218
YOM:
1945
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
16553
Captain / Total hours on type:
6000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4714
Copilot / Total hours on type:
4000
Circumstances:
The Avro York plane carried out a freight flight from Beirut to Tehran via Kuwait. On the Kuwait-Tehran leg of the flight several test manoeuvres were carried out by a check pilot who was examining the pilot in command and co-pilot for renewal of their licenses. Shortly after takeoff, while climbing, the airplane went out of control and crashed in a huge explosion 11 km southeast of Karaj, west of Tehran. The aircraft was completely destroyed upon impact and all four crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The position of the propellers at the time of impact would indicate that, at a time when the no. 4 engine power was off, an emergency condition developed which necessitated the feathering of no. 3 engine and the unfeathering of no. 4. Alternatively, a loss of power on the starboard engines could have occurred from an erroneous manipulation of the feathering switches during the course of this assumed crew checking exercise. In view of the fact that the fully loaded aircraft was flying at a low altitude after taking off from Mehrabad Airport which has an elevation of 3900 feet, it is evident that at the aircraft would not have sufficient altitude for the pilot to take effective recovery action and so avoid a crash resulting from the above mentioned loss-of-power conditions.
Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 appartenant near Khozankala: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 10, 1962
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EP-MRP
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tehran - Tehran
MSN:
10126
YOM:
1959
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Aircraft flight hours:
605
Aircraft flight cycles:
680
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in the calibration of the Tehran-Mehrabad International Airport ILS system. While approaching the airport from the northwest, the crew encountered poor visibility due to heavy rain falls. The twin engine aircraft struck the slope of a mountain shrouded in clouds and located near the locality of Khozankala, about 33 km northwest of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all four crew members were killed. The wreckage was found near the Amir Kabir Dam.