Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Zaporozhie: 9 killed

Date & Time: Jun 27, 1937 at 0850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L176
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Simferopol – Zaporozhie – Moscow
MSN:
177
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Aircraft flight hours:
2268
Circumstances:
A NKPO PL-5 registered CCCP-I93 departed Zaporozhie Airport on a flight to Moscow with two passengers and two crew members. Few minutes after takeoff, for unknown reasons, the crew decided to return tp Zaporozhie. In the mean time, an Aeroflot Tupolev ANT-9 was ready for a flight to Moscow, the second leg of a schedule service from Simferopol to Moscow, carrying nine passengers and two crew members. For unknown reasons, the crew of the PL-5 decided to land without permission as well as the crew of the ANT-9 started the takeoff procedure on the same runway without permission. Both airplanes collided on the runway and burst into flames. Three passengers on board the ANT-9 were injured while 8 others occupants were killed. Few hours later, one of the survivor died from his injuries. On board the PL-5, two people were killed and two others were injured.
Probable cause:
The collision was the consequence of a series of omissions, errors and violations on part of both crews who failed to follow the published procedures, starting a landing manoeuvre and a take off manoeuvre without any clearance. Poor flight supervision and organisation by the airport authority was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Laville PS-89 (ZIG-1) in Moscow: 6 killed

Date & Time: Nov 29, 1935
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
CCCP-L2140
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Moscow
MSN:
01
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
A crew of six (pilots and engineers) was conducting a test flight on this first prototype of the Russian Manufacturer Laville. The aircraft was designed by the French engineer André Laville but all construction was performed on behalf of Zavod Imeni Goltsman (ZIG). On approach to Moscow, the aircraft went out of control and crashed in a field, killing all six occupants, among them the Russian test pilot A. V. Kulev.
Probable cause:
Loss of control following a structural failure of the tail. The crash was attributed to a flaw in the workmanship, not in the design, and work continued on the project under the leadership of P. I. Eberzin.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Arsen'evo: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 27, 1935 at 0340 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1902
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Kharkiv
MSN:
9563
YOM:
1935
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
478
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, departed Moscow Airport at 2305LT on September 26, one hour beyond the schedule ETD, on a night mail flight to Kharkiv. While cruising at night between the cities of Tula and Orel, the pilot lost his bearings because the light beacon was not functioning. It was later determined that the light beacons between Tula and Orel were out of service after midnight. After more than four hours of flight, the pilot attempted an emergency landing when he lost control of the airplane that crashed in a field located in Arsen'evo. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot was killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of a loss of control while flying at night without sufficient visual cues. The operations cleared the pilot to complete the flight while the light beacons were unserviceable on the leg from Tula to Orel. Also, the pilot was totally inexperienced in night flight which was considered as contributing factors.

Crash of a Tupolev ANT-9 in Moscow

Date & Time: Oct 22, 1934
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
D-2831
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Berlin - Moscow
MSN:
145
YOM:
1933
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On final approach to Moscow Airport, the crew encountered poor weather conditions. Apparently to establish a visual contact with the ground, the crew reduced his altitude when the aircraft impacted trees and crashed in a wooded area located 5 km from Shakhovskaya, in the suburb of Moscow. All three occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 near Optukha: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 6, 1934 at 0115 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L787
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Kharkiv
MSN:
5684
YOM:
1932
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Aircraft flight hours:
313
Aircraft flight cycles:
185
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Moscow at 2255LT on June 5 on a night mail flight to Kharkiv, carrying one pilot and a load of 728 kilos of mail. While cruising at a height of 50 metres over the valley of Oka, weather conditions deteriorated with heavy clouds, drizzle and low ceiling. After completing two turns, the pilot did not realize he lost too much altitude when the airplane impacted ground and crashed in a field located 5 km south of Optukha. The aircraft was destroyed and the pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain following an error of judgement on part of the pilot regarding the aircraft's altitude during a flight through difficult weather conditions. A poor flight planning was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Polikarpov P-5 in Povarovo: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 12, 1934 at 0446 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L1502
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscou – Leningrad
MSN:
7322
YOM:
1934
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
65
Aircraft flight cycles:
20
Circumstances:
The crew departed Moscow Airport at 0420LT on a night mail flight to Leningrad. Few minutes after takeoff, weather conditions deteriorated with low ceiling and intermittent snow falls. While cruising at a height of 100 metres, the airplane entered a right turn, descended to the ground and crashed 2 km from the Poverovo Station. The aircraft was totally destroyed and both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident resulted from a loss of control in flight followed by a ground impact with an engine running normally at impact.
The following contributing factors were identified:
- Poor preparation for a night flight in difficult flying conditions due to low ceiling and snow falls;
- The pilot was unfamiliar with the Moscow - Leningrad route;
- Poor flight planning;
- The airspeed indicator only worked intermittently;
- Weather conditions deteriorated significantly during the flight.

Crash of a Kalinin K-5 in Moscow: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 17, 1933 at 1055 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L538
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
25
YOM:
1931
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
203
Circumstances:
The airplane departed Moscow Airport at 0900LT on a cargo flight, carrying two crew members and a load of 212 kilos of various goods. Few minutes after takeoff, while cruising at an altitude of about 200-300 metres, the crew encountered vibrations and stability problems. The pilot decided to return to Moscow and initiated a descent. On approach, at a height of 150 metres, the airplane entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed. The mechanic was seriously injured and the pilot was killed. Less than an hour later, the mechanic died from his injuries.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the tail detached in flight following vibrations of unknown origin. Investigations were unable to determine the exact cause of the accident.

Crash of a Tupolev R-6 Limuzin in Poldasnia: 8 killed

Date & Time: Sep 5, 1933 at 0920 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-J5
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Feodosia
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
En route from Moscow to Feodosia, Crimea, the crew encountered marginal weather conditions. As the visibility was too low, the pilot reduced his altitude to establish a visual contact with the ground when the airplane impacted a tree and crashed. All eight occupants were killed.

Crash of a Kalinin K-5 in Moscow: 2 killed

Date & Time: Feb 13, 1933 at 0855 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L455
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Moscow - Kharkiv
MSN:
210
YOM:
1932
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
339
Circumstances:
The crew departed Moscow at 0815LT on a mail flight to Kharkiv. Approaching Podolsk, weather conditions deteriorated and the captain decided to return to Moscow. But on approach, weather conditions were also poor in Moscow and the visibility was very limited due to fog. On approach, at a height of about 110-120 metres, the airplane collided with an antenna, causing the right wing to be partially torn off. Out of control, the aircraft descended and crashed 65 metres further. Both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The immediate cause of the accident was the strong deterioration of the weather conditions in Moscow. The aircraft was flying low with stabilizers in a neutral position, confirming it was apparently in a flat attitude. There were no radio in the aircraft and the antenna was not equipped with lights, which was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Putilov Stal-2 into the Lake Baikal: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jan 12, 1933
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
URSS-7
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Moscow – Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The crew departed Moscow on a test flight to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. En route, weather conditions worsened with heavy snow falls and icing conditions. The aircraft lost altitude and crashed into the Lake Baikal. One occupant survived and the second was killed.