Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II in Zurich

Date & Time: Dec 27, 1989 at 1735 LT
Registration:
9H-ABN
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Malta – Rome – Basel – Zurich – Rome – Malta
MSN:
421B-0007
YOM:
1970
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
1375
Captain / Total hours on type:
262.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2094
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a training flight from Malta to Zurich and return with intermediate stops in Rome and Basel. While on an ILS approach to Zurich-Kloten Airport runway 14, while at an altitude of 600 meters, the twin engine aircraft deviated from the glide, proceeded to a flat attitude when it entered a rapid descent and crashed 1,500 meters short of runway. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and both occupants were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the accident was the consequence of an aircraft that, while flying in cat I weather conditions, entered an excessive nose-down and unstabilized attitude while passing from IFR to VFR mode until it struck the ground before runway threshold. It is possible that the pilot suffered an optical illusion, which would remain a contributory factor as well as the fact that the windshield was covered by frost, reducing the pilot visibility.

Crash of an Airbus A320-111 in Mulhouse: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jun 26, 1988 at 1445 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-GFKC
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Basel - Mulhouse - Basel
MSN:
009
YOM:
1988
Flight number:
AF296Q
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
130
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
10463
Captain / Total hours on type:
138.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
10853
Copilot / Total hours on type:
44
Aircraft flight hours:
22
Aircraft flight cycles:
18
Circumstances:
A newly delivered Airbus A320, F-GFKC, was destroyed when it impacted trees during a low pass over the runway at Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport, France. A fire broke out, killing three occupants. The Mulhouse Flying Club had requested Air France to perform a fly by at their air show at Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport on June 26, 1988. Air France prepared a low speed pass with the gear down at 100 feet and the another pass at high speed in clean configuration. While Air France had performed more than twenty low passes since 1987, the altitude of 100 feet was not allowed according to regulations. French air safety regulations imposed a minimum VFR overflight height of 170 feet. The fly by was to be performed using an Airbus A320, an aircraft model that was introduced by launching customer Air France in March 1988. F-GFKC was the third A320 in the fleet and had been delivered on June 23. The flight crew scheduled to perform the demonstration flight were two captains: the head of A320 training subdivision (Pilot Flying) and a captain participating in the placing into service of the A320(Pilot Monitoring). On board the flight were four cabin crew members and 130 passengers. The aircraft took off from nearby Basel-Mulhouse Airport at 14:41 and climbed to 1000 feet agl. The crew started the descent three minutes later and Habsheim was in sight at 450 feet agl. The Pilot Monitoring informed the Pilot Flying that the aircraft was reaching 100 feet at 14:45:14. The descent continued to 50 feet 8 seconds later and further to 30-35 feet. Go-around power was added at 14:45:35. The A320 continued and touched trees approximately 60 meters from the end of runway 34R at 14:45:40 with a 14 degree pitch attitude and engines at 83% N1. The plane sank slowly into the forest and a fire broke out.
Probable cause:
The Commission believes that the accident resulted from the combination of the following conditions:
1) Very low flyover height, lower than surrounding obstacles;
2) Speed very slow and reducing to reach maximum possible angle of attack;
3) Engine speed at flight idle;
4) Late application of go-around power.
This combination led to impact of the aircraft with the trees. The Commission believes that if the descent below 100 feet was not deliberate, it may have resulted from failure to take proper account of the visual and aural information intended to give the height of the aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain in Basel

Date & Time: Feb 25, 1986
Operator:
Registration:
PH-ASU
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Maastricht – Basel
MSN:
31-7752058
YOM:
1977
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While on an ILS approach to Basel Airport, when the decision height of 200 feet was reached, the crew realized the airplane was too much left to the glide. The pilot-in-command attempted to correct the situation but this was excessive so the aircraft descended to the right, struck the ground, went through a fence and eventually collided with a snow berm. Both occupants were rescued and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Cessna 421C Golden Eagle III in Vorberg: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jan 27, 1977 at 1457 LT
Operator:
Registration:
D-IAGA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bern - Basel
MSN:
421C-0019
YOM:
1976
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
1877
Captain / Total hours on type:
89.00
Aircraft flight hours:
234
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane departed Bern-Belmoos Airport at 1451LT on a VFR flight to Basel EuroAirport. Weather was poor en route with low clouds and limited visibility. Eight minutes after takeoff, while cruising in clouds, the twin engine airplane struck the slope of a mountain (1,145 metres high) located near Vorberg, Solothurn. The wreckage was found in the evening and all five occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The crew continued under VFR mode in adverse weather conditions. Lack of visibility, low clouds and rain/snow were considered as contributing factors.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-4A Caribou in Valence

Date & Time: Aug 29, 1974 at 1645 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N90569
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Algiers - Basel
MSN:
48
YOM:
1962
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
En route on a positioning flight from Algiers to Basel, the crew encountered technical problems with the right engine that failed following a loss of hydraulic pressure. The decision to divert to Valence-Chabeuil Airport for an emergency landing was taken. Eventually, the crew was forced to make a belly landing in an open field located few km from the airfield. Both pilots escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Engine failure following a loss of hydraulic pressure.

Crash of a Vickers 952 Vanguard in Hochwald: 108 killed

Date & Time: Apr 10, 1973 at 1013 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AXOP
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Bristol - Basel
MSN:
745
YOM:
1962
Flight number:
IM435
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
139
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
108
Captain / Total flying hours:
1205
Captain / Total hours on type:
1088.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3144
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1256
Aircraft flight hours:
16367
Circumstances:
The Invicta International Airlines Vickers Vanguard was operating on a charter flight from Bristol (BRS) to Basel-Mulhouse (BSL). After entering the Basel Mulhouse terminal area, the flight was cleared to continue to the BN NDB. Weather was poor at that time: cloud base at 120 m (390 feet) and a reported runway visual range of 700 (2,300 feet) and 1,300 m (4,250 feet). On arrival at the BN beacon the crew were cleared to descend to 2,500 feet and were asked to report over the MN beacon before making a 90° left hand turn to finals for runway 16. At 09:56 the crew reported at 2,500 feet, followed by a position report of the MN beacon at 09:57:40. When on finals over the BN beacon, the crew reported turning outbound and said they would report at the MN beacon again for another approach. When the crew reported overhead the BN beacon again, the plane was in fact overhead the airfield, flying parallel to the ILS localizer beam. After 1,5 minute the aircraft began to overshoot, correctly making an initial turn to the west. The crew, now flying well south of the field, were instructed to report back over the MN beacon. When reporting over the MN beacon again, before it would have to turn left for finals, the plane was in fact overhead the BS beacon, a beacon located to the south of runway 16. At 10:11:25 the crew reported over the BN beacon on finals and was cleared to land. In fact the plane was now flying 3 miles South of the field and 1 mile west of the extended centerline. Two miles further on Basle ATC asked the crew "Are you sure you are over the BN?". The captain replied "I think I've got a spurious indication. We are on the LO... on the ILS now, sir". Half a minute later the captain radioed "BN is established on localizer and glide path; the ADF's all over the place in this weather." Last radio contact was when the captain reported at 1,400 feet, to which ATC replied that the flight was probably to the south of the airport. At 10:13 the plane brushed against a wooded range of hills and crashed 15 km southeast from the airport. The aircraft disintegrated, except for the tail section, where most of the survivors were found. Two stewardess and 35 passengers survived while 108 other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
A loss of orientation during two ILS approaches carried out under instrument flight conditions. The following factors contributed to the occurrence of the accident:
- Inadequate navigation, above all imprecise initiation of final approach as regards height and approach centerline,
- Confusion of aids,
- Insufficient checking and comparison of navigational aids and instrument readings (cross and double checks).
The poor reception of ht medium wave beacons and technical defects in LOC receiver No.1 and glide slope receiver no.2 made the crew’s navigational work more difficult.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 25 in Corban: 2 killed

Date & Time: Apr 17, 1969 at 0952 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N515VW
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Geneva - Basel
MSN:
25-013
YOM:
1968
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
8500
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1350
Aircraft flight hours:
260
Circumstances:
While descending to Basel Airport in marginal weather conditions at an altitude of 2,000 feet, the crew informed ATC about navigation problems and requested the permission to climb to 3,500 feet over the Homburg beacon. Due to traffic, the crew was cleared to climb to 2,500 feet only when few dozen seconds later, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens. SAR operations were quickly conducted but the wreckage was found three days later, on April 20, by a farmer in an open field located in Corban, some 25 km south of Basel Airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact and both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The Commission has unanimously come to the conclusion that the accident was due to a collision with terrain that occurred during following a missed ILS approach procedure, interrupted due to difficulties of navigation.
Final Report: