Crash of a Vickers 621 Viking 1 in Southall: 7 killed

Date & Time: Sep 2, 1958 at 0632 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
G-AIJE
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
London – Nice – Brindisi – Athens – Tel Aviv
MSN:
127
YOM:
1946
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Captain / Total flying hours:
13000
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1000
Aircraft flight hours:
2319
Circumstances:
The Viking took off from London Airport at 0554 hours GMT with a crew of 3 for a flight to Nice, Brindisi, Athens and Tel Aviv. Fifteen minutes later the cap tain informed London Airport that he had engine trouble and wished to return to Blackbushe. During the return flight the aircraft initially maintained 7,000 feet. Clearance was given to descend to 3000 feet but the descent was apparently continued to 1,000 feet without informing control. Shortly afterwards the aircraft reported "having difficulty maintaining height" and six minutes later, at 0632LT, it crashed in Southall, about 3 miles from the airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact as well as several houses. All three crew members and four people on the ground were killed. Fifteen other people on the ground were injured.
Probable cause:
The aircraft was allowed to lose height and flying speed with the result that the pilot was no longer able to exercise asymmetric control. The conduct of the pilot and the whole course of events outlined were contributed to by the deliberate policy of this Company, which was to keep its aircraft in the air and gainfully employed regardless of the regulations or of the elementary requirements which should enjoin consideration for the conditions of working of its employees or the maintenance of its aircraft. Any responsibility of the captain is to be viewed in the light of his position as an employee upon whose shoulders an intolerable burden was placed. At the time of the accident, the airplane was overloaded and the captain was overduty as he had been on duty for 31 hours 30 minutes, a gross breach of Article 34E of the Order, since the maximum permissible flying duty period for a two-pilot crew is 16 hours.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 802 Viscount in Craigie

Date & Time: Apr 28, 1958 at 2208 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AORC
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
London - Prestwick
MSN:
254
YOM:
1957
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The accident occurred at 2208 hours during an unscheduled flight from London to Prestwick where the aircraft mas to pick up passengers for BOAC under a charter arrangement and fly them to London. The aircraft took off at 2042 hours GMT from London Airport, cruised on the Airways at 18 500 ft and then commenced the descent to Prestwick with an initial clearance to 8 500 ft. Within a few minutes the clearance was amended to cross the Prestwick radio beacon at 4 000 ft. The descent appeared to the pilots to be normal until the aircraft struck the ground close to the site of the beacon very shortly after the captain had reported passing 11 000 ft in the holding pattern. The aircraft slid along the ground for 400 yards, and fire broke out in the starboard wing, Of the five crew aboard the aircraft, three were seriously injured. The airplane was totally destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The captain flew the aircraft into the ground during the descent to Prestwick after misreading the altimeter by 10 000 ft. Whilst a somewhat ambiguous presentation of height on the pressure altimeter may have initiated this misreading. A lack of cooperation between the captain and first officer and a lack of alertness on the part of the first officer were the main contributory factors.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 802 Viscount in Ballerup

Date & Time: Nov 17, 1957 at 0503 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AOHP
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
London – Copenhagen
MSN:
165
YOM:
17
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9034
Captain / Total hours on type:
426.00
Circumstances:
On the day of the accident the aircraft had taken off from London Airport at 0130 hours GMT on a scheduled flight to Kastrup Airport, Copenhagen, carrying a crew of 2 and a cargo of mail, freight and newspapers. The flight was without incident until when holding over Radio Beacon Bella, three of the aircraft's four engines stopped. It lost height and a forced landing was made at 0403 hours GMT, 14 miles northwest of Kastrup. The aircraft was considerably damaged, but there was no fire. The crew were not injured.
Probable cause:
The cause of the engine failures, which brought about the accident, lay in the accumulation of ice on the engine cowlings which, because of malfunctioning of the de-icing system, was allowed to build up before being dislodged. Passage of the lumps of ice through the engines caused partial flame out, which produced sufficient loss of power to initiate the auto-feathering and thus to stop the engines.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.104 Dove 2 at London-Heathrow

Date & Time: Dec 9, 1955 at 2152 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-ALTM
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
London-Heathrow - London-Heathrow
MSN:
04236
YOM:
1949
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft was carrying two filmmakers and one pilot who were in charge to make a movie of the Heathrow Airport. Following an uneventful mission, the pilot returned to the airport when, on final approach, the right engine suffered technical problems and failed. In a certain confusion, the pilot mistakenly shut down the left engine, causing the aircraft to stall and to crashed short of runway. All three occupants were evacuated while the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Failure of the right engine on final approach and wrong engine shut down by the pilot.

Crash of a Convair CV-240-4 off Folkestone: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jun 19, 1954 at 2300 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HB-IRW
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Geneva – London
MSN:
61
YOM:
1948
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
While overflying The Channel by night at an altitude of 12,000 feet, the port engine stopped. The captain feathered its propeller, informed ATC about his position and obtained the permission to divert to Manston Airport. Few minutes later, the right engine failed as well. The crew decided to ditch the aircraft about 12 km off Folkestone. After one hour, four crew members and two passengers were rescued by the crew of a boat while three other passengers drowned. The aircraft later sank and was lost.
Probable cause:
Failure of both engine in flight following a fuel exhaustion. It was determined that at the time of the accident, fuel tanks were empty as the aircraft was not refueled prior to takeoff from Geneva Airport. Investigations revealed that the crew requested to refuel before takeoff but for unknown reason, this operation was not completed. Also, both pilots failed to follow the pre-departure checklist and failed to check the fuel jauges prior to departure.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 off Elbe Island: 35 killed

Date & Time: Jan 10, 1954 at 1105 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-ALYP
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Singapore – Beirut – Rome – London
MSN:
6003
YOM:
1951
Flight number:
BA781
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
29
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
35
Captain / Total flying hours:
6566
Captain / Total hours on type:
291.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4915
Copilot / Total hours on type:
262
Aircraft flight hours:
3681
Circumstances:
About twenty minutes after its takeoff from Rome-Ciampino Airport, while cruising at an altitude of 27,000 feet between the islands of Elbe and Montecristo, the airplane suffered a brutal decompression, disappeared from radar screens and crashed into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Some debris were found floating about 16 km south of Elbe Island and the main wreckage sank by a depth of 600 meters. All 35 occupants were killed. About 70% of the debris were recovered and the airplane was rebuilt in UK for investigations. As there were suspicions of technical issues, BOAC, Air France and SAA decided to suspend all Comet flights. After fifty modifications and improvements, the airplane started to fly again two months later. It was eventually discovered that the airplane suffered a structural failure and exploded in flight.
Probable cause:
It was the opinion of the Board that the accident was caused by structural failure of the pressure cabin, brought about by fatigue. Investigators reach this opinion for the following reasons:
- The low fatigue resistance of the cabin has been demonstrated by the test described in Part 3, and the test result is interpretable as meaning that there was, at the age of the Elba aeroplanes a definite risk of fatigue failure occurring,
- The cabin was the first part of the aeroplane to fail in the Elba accident,
- The wreckage indicates that the failure in the cabin was of the same basic type as that produced in the fatigue test,
- This explanation seems to us to be consistent with all the circumstantial evidence,
- The only other defects found in the aeroplane were not concerned at Elba, as demonstrated by the wreckage.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide in London

Date & Time: Aug 1, 1952
Registration:
G-ALBB
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
London - London
MSN:
6829
YOM:
1948
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft was approaching to land at London Airport on runway 23L after a five-minute local pleasure flight. It was coming in after a Stratocruiser and had reached a point between the beginning of the runway approach lighting and the Bath Road when it encountered turbulent air at a height of 300 feet. The pilot lost control and the aircraft crashed just inside the aerodrome and 475 yards from the threshold of the runway. On impact with the ground the nose of the aircraft disintegrated and the pilot was thrown out and severely injured. Five of the eight passengers received injuries of a lesser degree.
Probable cause:
Loss of control on final approach caused by the wake turbulences created by a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser that just landed on the same runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a Vickers 610 Viking 1B in London-Heathrow: 28 killed

Date & Time: Oct 31, 1950 at 1954 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AHPN
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Paris – Northolt
MSN:
155
YOM:
1947
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
28
Circumstances:
The aircraft left Paris-Le Bourget Airport at 1839LT bound for Northolt. While descending to Northolt at an altitude of 4,500 feet, the crew was informed by ATC that fog had reduced the visibility at Northolt to 50 yards. On receiving this information, the pilot announced that he would attempt to land at London-Heathrow. Although visibility at Heathrow was 40 yards only, it had the facilities for a Ground Controlled Approach (GCA). The pilot told ATC that if he could not safely land at London Airport, he would divert to Blackbushe Airport in Hampshire or Manston Airport in Kent. The aircraft carried out what appeared to be a normal GCA, reaching the decision height of 140 feet at about 400 yards short of runway threshold. As the pilot was unable to locate the runway, he decided to go around, increased power and raised the landing gear. Few seconds later, the aircraft struck the runway surface and skidded for about 140 feet before regaining the air. With both propellers damaged by the initial contact with the ground, it stalled and crashed approximately 3,000 feet past the runway threshold. The starboard wing being torn off and the aircraft bursting into flames as it came to rest next to a store of drain-pipes. The thick fog hindered rescue attempts and it took the fire and rescue teams 16 to 17 minutes to find the crashed aircraft. Of the 30 people on board there were only two survivors, a stewardess and a passenger, both had been seated near the tail.
Probable cause:
Although it cannot be established with certainty, the probable explanation of the known facts may be that the captain deliberately came down below break-off point and then at 100 feet or less came into fog which abruptly reduced the visibility of the runway lights and that then and not till then he started overshoot procedure with fatal results.
Final Report:

Crash of a Grumman G-73 Mallard in London: 6 killed

Date & Time: Oct 28, 1949 at 0100 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC2956
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
J-15
YOM:
1947
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Aircraft flight hours:
1235
Circumstances:
After takeoff from London-Heathrow Airport, while climbing to a height of some 30-50 feet, the seaplane banked left to an angle of 40° and then lost height and hit the ground some 150 yards to the left of the runway. The aircraft continued for some 450 yards before coming to rest in flames. A crew member was seriously injured while six other occupants were killed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3D in London-Heathrow: 20 killed

Date & Time: Mar 2, 1948 at 2114 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OO-AWH
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Brussels – London
MSN:
43154
YOM:
1947
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
19
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
20
Circumstances:
The approach to London-Heathrow Airport was completed in reduced visibility due to the night and foggy conditions. On final, the airplane impacted the ground, exploded and came to rest short of the runway threshold, bursting into flames. Two passengers survived the crash and were seriously injured while 20 other occupants were killed.
Crew:
Henri Goblet, pilot,
Jean Lomba, radio operator,
Louis De Geyndt, steward.
Probable cause:
The pilot continued the approach below the minimum safe altitude and was unable to distinguish the ground due to the low visibility caused by night and fog. At the time of the accident, the visibility was 200 yards.