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Catalonia

Crash of a Swearingen SA227AC Metro III in Barcelona: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 28, 1998 at 0052 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-FXD
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Palma de Mallorca - Barcelona
MSN:
AC-651
YOM:
1986
Flight number:
SWT704
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
4500
Captain / Total hours on type:
4132.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1769
Aircraft flight hours:
14748
Circumstances:
Flight SWT704, a cargo flight from Palma de Mallorca to Barcelona, was to be used by the crew as an instruction flight. The co-pilot, who that day was flying for the first time since 20th March 1998, and who was sitting in the left-hand seat, would thus carry out a refresher flight as "First officer under supervision", in accordance with the operator's procedures. At first, it had been planned that the aircraft should carry out a missed approach with one engine on its arrival at Barcelona Airport. However, for a runway 25 approach this was very difficult and the captain decided to postpone this manoeuvre. It was then decided to carry out a standard approach leaving the glide path a little above and then stopping the engine. They would then raise the landing gear and flaps by increments. The captain added: "As soon as we're without control, we'll restore it" (the engine). The approach to runway 25 was also normal. At 00:47:10 they contacted the Barcelona control tower, which indicated that they were number 1, that they should continue and that they should notify "established in final". Afterwards, they extended the landing gear and flaps. At 22:49:55 h, the captain notified the control tower that they were established in final. The tower indicated that they should continue, that a flight was leaving runway 25 and that it would call them immediately. At that moment, the Metro was at a height of some 1400 feet, at some 6 nm (about 3 minutes at 120 kt) from the runway threshold. At 22:50:03 h, with gear and flaps down, the instructor said "Well, engine stop" to which the copilot replied: "Come on, landing gear up". Contrary to normal practice, the right engine was shut down completely and the prop was feathered. It's usual practice to retard the throttles to idle to simulate zero thrust for that engine. When the co-pilot pushed the wrong pedal, the plane deviated to the right. The captain then tried to start the engine again. This failed however because due to the seizing of the guide rod bushing of the propeller pitch change mechanism, the pitch varying mechanism did not take the blades to the necessary pitch for start-up. The captain then said: "Well, I am taking out the engine again. I've raised the flap for you. Now flap by increments...". A few moments later the copilot asked "I continue with the approach, don't I?" to which the captain replied in the affirmative and added that they had been authorized to land and that they were going to land with one engine. At 22:51:09 he again confirmed "Well, just continue with one engine" and appeared to give general instructions on how to carry out a missed approach or what to do when near the runway. At 22:52:01, the captain said "landing gear", the co-pilot said "landing gear now" and the captain then confirmed "coming down". The stall warning then began to sound. The aircraft turned off to the right of the ILS localizer and adopted a position of almost 90° of roll to the left, then a position of 90° of roll to the right whilst continuing to lose height and then again took up a position of 90° of roll to the left. Finally, the left wing struck the ground and then the aircraft crashed first into the outside barrier of highway B-203 which runs round the edge of the Airport and then the perimeter fence, finally coming to a halt at some 250 m from the threshold of runway 25 and some 100 metres to the right of the runway axis. The wreckage of the aircraft burst into flames.
Probable cause:
It is considered that the probable cause of the accident was the loss of control of the aircraft due to an excessive reduction of speed at low height, after having extended the landing gear, with an intermediate flap position, and with the right engine stopped and its propeller pitch close to feather.
Final Report:

Crash of a Swearingen SA226TC Metro II in Barcelona: 2 killed

Date & Time: Feb 19, 1998 at 0004 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-GDG
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Barcelona - Brussels
MSN:
TC-220
YOM:
1976
Flight number:
IBT595A
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
1880
Captain / Total hours on type:
952.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
900
Copilot / Total hours on type:
394
Aircraft flight hours:
17546
Circumstances:
Few minutes after a night takeoff from Barcelona Airport, en route to Brussels, the copilot informed ATC about technical problems and was cleared to return for an emergency landing. After been cleared for an approach to runway 07, the crew descended to 6,000 feet and 3,000 feet successively. At 0000:15 seconds, the aircraft passed over the outer marker at an altitude of 1,500 feet and a speed of 170 knots. At a distance of six km from the runway threshold, the aircraft started to deviate from the approach path to the right and one minute later, it struck the ground at a speed of 130 knots, crashing in a palmgrove located 3,2 km short of runway and bursting into flames. The aircraft was destroyed by a post crash fire and both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
Investigations were unable to determine the nature of the technical problems that the crew reported. However, the assumption that the left engine partially failed was not ruled out. The accident resulted from an inappropriate angle of descent during the approach to runway 07 in conditions of low visibility combined with a possible fatigue of the crew due to a long duty period, and the possible left engine malfunction which required yaw compensation and special attention from the pilots. This caused the aircraft to deviate from the approach path and to descend below the MDA until impact with the ground.
Final Report:

Crash of a Short SC.7 Skyvan 3 Variant 100 in Empuriabrava: 1 killed

Date & Time: Dec 28, 1993 at 1635 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-OVAN
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Empuriabrava - Empuriabrava
MSN:
1892
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Empuriabravia Airfield on a local skydiving mission. After all skydivers jumped, the pilot returned to the airport. On final approach, the pilot encountered engine problems and initiated a go-around procedure when the aircraft lost height, struck trees and crashed short of runway threshold. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Failure of both engines on final approach caused by a fuel exhaustion.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-1-DK in Barcelona

Date & Time: Nov 3, 1991 at 0348 LT
Operator:
Registration:
EC-FDH
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Barcelona - Palma
MSN:
11982
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Barcelona-El Prat Airport, while climbing to a height of about 200 feet, the aircraft banked left, lost speed and altitude. The crew attempted an emergency landing when the aircraft crash landed in a field. All three occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6B near La Jonquera: 4 killed

Date & Time: Jul 19, 1986 at 1130 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-ZBBU
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
45219
YOM:
1957
Flight number:
Pélican 64
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
The aircraft was dispatched in a fire fighting mission over the Pyrenees Mountains. After the water was spread over the fire, the crew was trying to gain height when the aircraft struck a rock and crashed on the south slope of the Puig Llobregat (Mt de la Pouge) located northeast of Perthus Pass. The aircraft was destroyed and all four crew members were killed.
Crew:
Jean-Pierre Davenet,
Jacques Ogier,
Jack Le Bel,
Roland Denard.

Crash of a Cessna 500 Citation I in Barcelona: 4 killed

Date & Time: Nov 22, 1974
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
EC-CGG
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
500-0108
YOM:
1973
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
Just after takeoff, the airplane went out of control and crashed in flames near the runway end. The aircraft was destroyed and all four occupants were killed.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.106 Comet in Barcelona: 112 killed

Date & Time: Jul 3, 1970 at 1805 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-APDN
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Manchester - Barcelona
MSN:
6415
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
DA1903
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
105
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
112
Captain / Total flying hours:
7427
Captain / Total hours on type:
605.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
4765
Copilot / Total hours on type:
189
Aircraft flight hours:
25786
Circumstances:
Comet G-APDN departed Manchester at 1608 for a charter flight to Barcelona. ATC delays in the Paris area resulted in a different route to be flown. At 1753LT the pilot contacted Barcelona ACC. The aircraft was then cleared to descend from FL220 to FL90. At 1759LT the flight switched to Barcelona Approach. Barcelona Approach cleared the crew direct to the Sabadell beacon and cleared them to descend to FL60. While carrying out a left turn to a heading of 140°, as instructed by Barcelona Approach, the crew mistakenly reported passing the Sabadell NDB. At that time another aircraft overflew Sabadell, causing the error to go unnoticed by the controller. The controller then cleared the Comet to descend to 2,800 feet. At approx. 1805LT the aircraft struck beech trees on the northeast slopes of the cloud-covered Les Agudes peak at an altitude of about 3,800 feet and crashed. The wreckage was found in the Sierra del Montseny, near the village of Arbúcies. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 112 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
To sum up, it can be deduced that the combination of erroneous information regarding reporting points, together with the existence of a radar echo over Sabadell NDB (coinciding with the report from the aircraft of passing that reporting point), led both the aircraft and APP to believe, erroneously, that the aircraft was already over Sabadell; this was an involuntary error (on both sides: ATC and aircraft) which was physically impossible to correct when Air Traffic Control realised it.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation in Barcelona

Date & Time: Nov 8, 1960
Operator:
Registration:
N7125C
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Madrid – Barcelona
MSN:
4652
YOM:
1956
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
63
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Aircraft flight hours:
14413
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft departed Madrid-Barajas at 1542LT and following an uneventful flight, the crew started the descent to Barcelona-El Prat de Llobregat Airport. On short final, the pilot-in-command did not realize his altitude was insufficient when the main landing gear struck a small earth mound located 34 meters short of runway threshold. Upon impact, the undercarriage were sheared off, the airplane nosed down and struck the runway surface. It skidded for about 170 meters then veered off runway and came to rest in flames. While all 71 occupants evacuated safely (three of them were injured), the aircraft was destroyed by fire. The airplane was leased from Trans World Airlines.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the flying crew who continued the approach below the glide.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-30-DK Dakota 6 on Mt Montseny: 32 killed

Date & Time: Aug 19, 1959 at 1710 LT
Operator:
Registration:
G-AMZD
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Barcelona – London-Gatwick
MSN:
16112/32860
YOM:
1945
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
29
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
32
Circumstances:
Nineteen minutes after it departed Barcelona Airport, while cruising at an altitude of 5,600 feet, the airplane entered clouds and struck the slope of Mt Montseny (1,712 meters high) located about 60 km northeast of Barcelona-El Prat Airport. The airplane was destroyed and all 32 occupants were killed, among them 28 British students and one teacher. At the time of the accident, the airplane deviated about 16 km from the prescribed departure route out from Barcelona, probably following a navigation error on part of the crew. The mountain was shrouded in clouds and the visibility was nil when the airplane impacted terrain.
Probable cause:
From an examination of the evidence it can be concluded that the accident was caused through 'Infringement of the regulations and instructions in force for flight over national territory or of the international standards which are in force in Spain'. As it does not appear from the evidence that Spanish Air Traffic personnel failed in any way in the performance of their duties, or that there was any defect in air navigation aids, the Air Minister has resolved to close the case without allocating responsibility.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 2D Heron off Barcelona: 16 killed

Date & Time: Apr 14, 1958 at 2107 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
EC-ANJ
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Zaragoza – Barcelona
MSN:
14113
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
14
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
16
Circumstances:
The Aviaco flight departed Zaragoza at 1919LT for a flight to Barcelona. At 2006LT the aircraft reported on a wide base leg and asked visibility data. Another aircraft (EC-AEJ) was ready for departure from Barcelona at that moment, but takeoff permission had been refused. When the Aviaco Heron reported 5 minutes away, the EC-AEJ aircraft was cleared for takeoff. Shortly thereafter both planes were flying at 150 m altitude on intersecting tracks. The Heron was forced to take a sudden avoidance manoeuvre and lost control. The plane crashed into the sea off Castelldefels and was lost. All 16 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The fact that EC-AEJ was permitted to takeoff without the exact position of EC-ANJ being known. During avoidance action taken by EC-ANJ, loss of control occurred, and the aircraft fell into the sea.