Fokker F27 Friendship

Operator:

Registration:

PI-C501

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Manila - Mactan

MSN:

10147

YOM:

1960

Flight number:

PR345

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

8000

Captain / Total hours on type:

1180.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

1758

Copilot / Total hours on type:

1116

Aircraft flight hours:

15956

Aircraft flight cycles:

10195

Circumstances:

Flight 345 was a scheduled domestic flight from Manila to Mactan. It departed Manila at 1720 hours on an IFR clearance direct to Mactan, via Amber 1 at flight level 130. At 1908 hours the flight reported to Mactan Control Approach that it was descending through FL 70. It was cleared to FL 50, given an altimeter setting of 29.81 in Hg and requested to report at FL 60. At 1909 hours the flight requested a visual descent from FL 50 to 30 and at 1913 hours it reported commencing a VOR approach to runway 04. At 1917 hours the flight reported on final and Mactan Approach cleared the flight to land, giving the wind as 330'15 kt. The flight acknowledged the clearance and this was the last communication from the aircraft. Whilst on a long final approach commenced from a height of 1 500 feet approximately 4 miles from the runway threshold, the aircraft suddenly assumed a nose-high attitude and additional power was applied. A crew member then came out of the cockpit and spoke in the direction of a number of supernumerary crew travelling in the passenger compartment instructing them to move forward. Moments later a flight attendant came from the cockpit and instructed everybody to move forward. Before all the passengers could comply, the air- craft started banking alternately to the right and left, descending in a tail low attitude and crashed at approximately 1918 hours 0.9 miles before the threshold of runway 04. At 1919 hours the aerodrome controller observed a fire near-the approach end of runway 04 and alerted the emergency services. All four crew members and eight passengers were killed, seven others survived.

Probable cause:

The Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was a loss of control at a low altitude. The contributory factor was the distribution of load which placed the centre of gravity aft of the rear centre of gravity limit. The following finsings were reported:
- No evidence of malfunction or failure of the aircraft or its engines prior to impact was found. Evidence revealed that the aircraft struck the ground in a left wing low attitude with the landing gear extended and the flaps retracted. The elevator trim tab was found in a full nose-down position,
- The aircraft was loaded in such a way that the centre of gravity was located beyond the aft limit.

Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Mawlamyine: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jun 25, 1966

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

XY-ADL

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Yangon - Mawlamyine

MSN:

10236

YOM:

1963

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

4897

Aircraft flight cycles:

4732

Circumstances:

Following an uneventful flight from Yangon, the crew landed at Mawlamyine (Moulmein) Airport. After touchdown on a wet runway, the airplane encountered difficulties to stop within the remaining distance, overrant and came to rest. Six passengers were killed while 39 other occupants were injured.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 near Banihal: 37 killed

Date & Time: Feb 7, 1966 at 1155 LT

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

PH-SAB

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Srinagar – Jammu – Amritsar – New Delhi

MSN:

10271

YOM:

1965

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

17312

Copilot / Total flying hours:

7729

Aircraft flight hours:

1930

Aircraft flight cycles:

1280

Circumstances:

A Fokker F-27, Series 200, aircraft, PH-SAB, owned by the Schreiner Airways of Holland, and operated by the Indian Airlines Corporation on a charter contract, met with an accident shortly before noon on 7 February 1966. The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Srinagar to Delhi with intermediate stops at Jammu and Amritsar. It crashed on a hilltop in the Pir Panjal range at a spot 12 miles west of its proper course which lay over the Banihal Pass 33'30'' N, 75'14" E (altitude 9 290 ft). All members of the crew and all the 33 passengers on board were killed and the aircraft was totally destroyed.

Probable cause:

The cause of the accident was undoubtedly a navigational error. The Court was at first tempted to accept the hypothesis that the error was committed deliberately by Capt. Duggal because he wanted to take a short cut over the hill to Udampur, instead of going first to Banihal and then turning slightly right to the prescribed route to Udampur. Some support was lent to this hypothesis by the general assessment of Capt. Duggal's character as being hasty and casual and disinclined to pay heed to detail. But after giving greater consideration, it seems to the Court that this hypothesis cannot be accepted and that the navigational error was not intentional. The configuration of the hill at a spot 12 miles west of the Banihal Pass does not snow that the aircraft would have had a clear passage at an altitude of 12,000 feet because there are hills which are 14,000 feet high as shown by the contour lines on the map. Also Duggal did reply to the call 0610 hours GMT when he said that he would be crossing Banihal in two or three minted. It seems to the Court, therefore, that when flying through clouds at an altitude insufficient to ensure safety, Duggal found himself at a spot which resembled in its appearance the Banihal Pass. He must have steered an incorrect heading on leaving the airfield. Changes in cloud formation and decreasing visibility did not permit a full and clear view of the mountain range which lay across the route. So, when he was near the point where it crashed, he thought that he was going to cross Banihal and sent this message to the airport. In point of fact, he was 12 miles off his track and crashed at a point 12,364ft above sea level. A more careful and cautious pilot would, in the circumstances, have made sure of his direction and position by a reference to the Srinagar Airport where, in addition to the VOR, an Automatic Direction Finding facility is available.

Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 near Mahandri: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 8, 1965 at 0630 LT

Type of aircraft:

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (خیبرپختونخوا)

Operator:

Registration:

AP-ATT

Flight Phase:

Flight

Flight Type:

Cargo

Survivors:

Site:

Mountains

Schedule:

Rawalpindi – Skardu

MSN:

10279

YOM:

1965

Location:

Mahandri

Country:

Pakistan

Region:

Asia

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Captain / Total flying hours:

5640

Captain / Total hours on type:

3510.00

Copilot / Total flying hours:

865

Copilot / Total hours on type:

Aircraft flight hours:

491

Aircraft flight cycles:

528

Circumstances:

The aircraft took off from Rawalpindi Airport at 0601LT on a domestic flight to Skardu, carrying 9,146 pounds of food supplies. At 0604LT, it called Cherat Homer stating that it was due at control zone boundary at 0610LT. According to the Chakhlala ATC log the aircraft called Skardu at 0607LT on 119.7 but there was no response from Skardu on this frequency. According to the Skardu log: Skardu asked Gilgit at 0620LT to listen out for the aircraft and advise it to change over to 5514 kcs. The aircraft called Skardu at 0630LT on 5514 kcs. There was no further communication with the aircraft. It was subsequently found that the aircraft had struck the northern side of a ridge at an elevation of 13,100 feet just inside Pakistan territory near the Pakistan-Azad Kashmir border. The aircraft was destroyed and all four crew members were killed.

Probable cause:

The cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty.

Final Report:

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Launceston

Date & Time: Mar 17, 1965

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

VH-FNH

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Melbourne – Launceston – Hobart

MSN:

10180

YOM:

1961

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

7500

Aircraft flight cycles:

8011

Circumstances:

To avoid turbulence over the mountain area near Launceston, the cruising level was maintained prior to entry into the airport circuit pattern. Just prior to turning for finals, trouble was experienced in the pitch-lock mechanism of the no. 1 prop. The prop was feathered and the approach was continued with full flaps, but without immediately increasing power on the remaining engine. The high rate of descent was not arrested during the turn, resulting in a slightly low altitude. Power was added and speed reduced to control the descent rate, but the crew were unable to maintain runway heading. An overshoot was attempted, but the speed had dropped below minimum control speed. The left wing dropped as full power was applied to the no. 2 engine. The wing struck the ground and the aircraft crashed, coming to rest 740 feet abeam the runway threshold. Fuel tanks ruptured and caused a fire, which was quickly extinguished. All 23 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Málaga

Date & Time: Sep 13, 1964

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

HB-AAI

Flight Phase:

Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

MSN:

10141

YOM:

1959

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

4707

Aircraft flight cycles:

3916

Circumstances:

The airplane was approaching the runway with 40° flaps and gear down as the pilot realized he was too high on the glide. While still at and altitude of 1,000 feet, ground fine pitch was selected, causing the plane to enter a steep descent. The Fokker touched down very heavily on the main gear, causing the centre section of the wing to fail. The aircraft skidded for about 400 m before coming to rest. There were no injuries among the occupant.

Probable cause:

Wrong approach configuration.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 in Dhaka

Date & Time: Jun 25, 1964

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

AP-ALO

Flight Phase:

Flight Type:

Survivors:

Site:

Schedule:

Karachi – Hyderabad – Dhaka

MSN:

10165

YOM:

1961

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

7016

Aircraft flight cycles:

8325

Circumstances:

The crew started the approach to Tejgaon AFB in marginal weather conditions. During the last segment, the airplane lost height and struck the runway surface. At impact, both wings were partially sheared off and the airplane came to rest. Five occupants were injured while all other occupants were unhurt. At the time of the accident, a squall line was passing over the airport with turbulences and heavy rain falls.

Probable cause:

It is believed the loss of control on short final was caused by strong downdrafts and/or windshear.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 100 in Manila: 3 killed

Date & Time: Oct 12, 1962

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

PI-C503

Flight Phase:

Takeoff (climb)

Flight Type:

Training

Survivors:

Site:

City

Schedule:

Manila - Manila

MSN:

10191

YOM:

1961

Location:

Country:

Region:

Crew on board:

Crew fatalities:

Pax on board:

Pax fatalities:

Other fatalities:

Total fatalities:

Aircraft flight hours:

2186

Aircraft flight cycles:

1264

Circumstances:

Shortly after takeoff from Manila-Intl Airport, while climbing, the airplane went out of control and crashed in the suburb of Parañaque located south of the airfield. The aircraft was destroyed and all three crew members were killed while there were no casualties on the ground. The crew was involved in a local training flight at the time of the accident.

Probable cause:

It would be inconclusive for the Board to advance any definitive cause(s) of this accident. The airplane was in emergency a few seconds before it crash-landed. It is, however, deduced that the emergency landing was in all probability attributed to the error on the part of the crew, in that the attempt to relight the left engine, presumable during the process thereof, the right engine was instead, and unintentionally taken for granted. Factors contributing to the accident were the very short time and the relatively low altitude.

Crash of a Fokker F27 Friendship 200 appartenant near Khozankala: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 10, 1962

Type of aircraft:

Operator:

Registration:

EP-MRP

Flight Phase: