Crash of a Douglas DC-6B in Shannon: 83 killed

Date & Time: Sep 10, 1961 at 0355 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N90773
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Düsseldorf – Shannon – Gander – Chicago
MSN:
44058
YOM:
1953
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
77
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
83
Circumstances:
After takeoff by night from runway 24 at Shannon Airport, while climbing, the airplane turn to the left then banked left to an angle of 90° and eventually crashed inverted in the Shannon estuary, about two miles from the airfield. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 83 occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, the visibility was poor due to the night and mist.
Probable cause:
Failure of the captain to maintain control of the aircraft after becoming airborne due to either:
- A defective artificial horizon and/or
- A fault in the right-hand aileron tabs.
Contributory causes could have been unsuitable weather conditions and possible crew fatigue.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Shemya: 6 killed

Date & Time: Jul 21, 1961 at 0211 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N6118C
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Everett – Travis – Anchorage – Shemya – Tachikawa
MSN:
45243
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
CKA779
Location:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Captain / Total flying hours:
13019
Captain / Total hours on type:
1118.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2061
Copilot / Total hours on type:
101
Aircraft flight hours:
10600
Circumstances:
Flight CKA779 was a Military Air Transport Service (MATS) contract flight. It originated at Everett-Paine AFB, WA (PAE), on July 20, 1961, and proceeded to Fairfield-Travis AFB, CA (SUU). At Travis AFB 25,999 pounds of cargo was loaded. The flight then departed Travis and flew non-stop to Anchorage, Alaska. At Anchorage, the crew received weather and NOTAM information for the flight to Shemya AFB, AK (SYA), which did not include the approach or field lighting deficiencies. The stop at Shemya was for the purpose of servicing the aircraft before proceeding to Tachikawa AB, Japan for refueling. The flight took off from Anchorage at 19:40 and proceeded routinely toward Shemya. The flight made contact with Shemya Radio at 00:45. It was flying at FL100 between layers of clouds. At 01:28 the crew reported 100 miles east of Shemya, estimating Shemya at 01:55. Shemya Radio cleared the flight inbound to Shemya Homer and to descend and maintain 5,500 feet. At 01:45, the flight contacted Shemya GCA and radar contact was made approximately 18 miles north-northeast of Shemya, at 5,500 feet. The GCA controller transmitted the following weather information: "Indefinite ceiling 200 feet; sky obscured, visibility one mile in fog; new altimeter 29.86." According to the GCA controller, the DC-6 intercepted the glide path for runway 10 properly and maintained a good course. When two miles from touchdown, it dropped approximately 10 to 25 feet below the glide path. At one mile out, the flight went an estimated 30 to 40 feet below the glide path, which was still well above the minimum safe altitude for the approach. When the flight, was over the approach lights, it started to descend rapidly. The aircraft struck an embankment, approx. 200 feet short of the threshold in a nearly level attitude, the nose wheel touching first, about 18 feet below the crest, very nearly aligned with the centerline of the runway. The aircraft slid up the embankment during impact and when it reached the crest, broke in two at the leading edge of the wings. The fuselage, wings, and tail section stopped and settled back on the slope. The powerplants, nose section, and the bulk of the cargo slid varying distances toward the runway and up on it for a distance of about 100 yards. Fire followed impact and the majority of the wreckage was consumed.
Probable cause:
The absence of approach and runway lights, and the failure of the GCA controller to give more positive guidance to the pilot during the last stages of his approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6 near Pardo: 67 killed

Date & Time: Jul 19, 1961 at 0800 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LV-ADW
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Buenos Aires – Comodoro Rivadavia
MSN:
43136
YOM:
1948
Flight number:
AR644
Country:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
60
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
67
Captain / Total flying hours:
17705
Captain / Total hours on type:
3320.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9724
Copilot / Total hours on type:
2113
Aircraft flight hours:
20211
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft left Buenos Aires-Ezeiza-Ministro Pistarini Airport at 0731LT bound for Comodoro Rivadavia. While cruising at an altitude of 4,800 meters, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with a low pressure area and severe turbulences. The airplane went out of control, entered a dive, partially disintegrated and eventually crashed in a field located 12 km west of Pardo. All 67 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The aircraft disintegrated in flight due to rupture of the right wing following the application of loads in excess of the design loads, in a zone of extremely violent turbulence. A contributing factor was insufficient evaluation of the forecast, by both the aircraft captain and by the airline dispatcher, which resulted in the choice of an inappropriate flight altitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Shannon

Date & Time: Mar 26, 1961
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-APOM
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Shannon - Shannon
MSN:
45519
YOM:
1958
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training mission at Shannon Airport. Following several touch-and-go maneuvers, the pilot performed a normal landing and prepared for takeoff again when one of the crew member inadvertently raised the undercarriage. The airplane sank on its belly and slid for several yards before coming to rest in flames on the left edge of the runway. All six crew members were evacuated safely while the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- Poor crew coordination,
- Poor flight preparation,
- Lack of pilot experience.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A in Agana: 80 killed

Date & Time: Sep 19, 1960 at 0602 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N90779
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Clark – Agana – Wake – Travis
MSN:
44914
YOM:
1956
Flight number:
WO830
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
86
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
80
Captain / Total flying hours:
15681
Captain / Total hours on type:
2548.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6317
Copilot / Total hours on type:
217
Aircraft flight hours:
12746
Circumstances:
On September 19, 1960, at approximately 0602 local time, a Douglas DC-6AB, N 90779, operated by World Airways, Inc., as Military Air Transport Flight 830/18, bound for Wake Island and the United States. crashed and burned on Mt. Barrigada approximately two nautical miles from the departure end of runway 6L, Agana Naval Air Station, Guam, Mariana Islands. Of the 94 occupants on board, seven crew members and 73 passengers received fatal injuries; one crew member and 13 passengers survived. The flight received FAA Air Route Traffic Control route and departure clearances and took off into night VFR weather conditions. It made a right turn after takeoff and although making a-continuous climb over the distance flown. it struck Mt. Barrigada at a point approximately 300 feet above the elevation of the airport, and slid into the thick-underbrush cutting a Swath for nearly 1,1000 feet before it came to rest. Damage and injury were more attributable to fire than impact forces. The Board determines that this accident occurred because of the failure of the pilot to comply with published departure procedures applicable to runways 6 left and 6 right.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the pilot to comply with published departure procedures applicable to runways 6 left and 6 right. In addition, World Airways operations manual stated that radio facility charts, current flight information manuals and other documents which indicated the correct departure procedure for runway 06L must be carried in the airplane. These documents advise pilots when taking off in this direction to climb to an altitude of 1,000 feet before turning to the east. It is therefore difficult to understand why this procedure was not followed. Owing to the low intensity of the single red flashing beacon on the summit of the mountain and the likelihood of early morning mountain haze, it is questionable whether the beacon would have been visible to the crew, thus alerting them to their precarious position in sufficient time for evasive action to be taken.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6 near Salto: 31 killed

Date & Time: Sep 7, 1960 at 0940 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LV-ADS
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Asunción – Buenos Aires
MSN:
43031
YOM:
1947
Flight number:
AR205
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
31
Aircraft flight hours:
19229
Aircraft flight cycles:
5314
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude on a flight from Asunción to Buenos Aires, the airplane christened 'Mariano Moreno' suffered a major issue on engine number three. Shortly later, the airplane disintegrated in the air, dove into the ground and crashed in an open field located 12 km northeast of Salto. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 31 occupants were killed. Debris were scattered on more than five km.
Probable cause:
The immediate cause of the accident was overspeeding of No.3 propeller caused by irregular operation of the propeller governor, detachment of that propeller and impact with that of No.4 engine, followed by disintegration of the aircraft. The remote cause of the accident was insufficiently strict observance of engine maintenance conditions, because, while Pratt and Whitney Service Bulletins Nos. 1666 and 1680, dated 5 November 1957 and 15 May 1958 respectively, are not mandatory, the company should have taken account of the special circumstances in the history of No.3 engine, which resulted in the destruction of LV-ADS.

Crash of a Douglas R6D-1 off Rio de Janeiro: 35 killed

Date & Time: Feb 25, 1960 at 1307 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
131582
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Buenos Aires - Rio de Janeiro
MSN:
43685
YOM:
1953
Country:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
31
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
35
Circumstances:
The R4D-6 left Buenos Aires at 0825LT on a flight to Rio de Janeiro, carrying a delegation of musicians who would take part to a ceremony dedicated to the official visit in Rio de Janeiro of the US President Eisenhower. At 12:56 the crew reported over the BAGRE fix, entering the Rio Approach Control zone. The plane then descended to 1500 m reaching the Ilha Rasa (IH) NDB at 13:05. The crew were then instructed to arrive over the RJ NDB at 1800 m altitude and continue to the KX NDB descending to 1500 m. At the KX NDB the plane could enter the approach path for Galeao Airport. At 13:07 the flight reported passing over RJ at 1800 m, but the plane was in fact still approaching the NDB! False radio compass indications in the area are not uncommon; they are influenced by a steel cable car in the area. REAL DC-3 PP-AXD had left Campos at 12:10 for a flight to Rio de Janeiro. The flight reported at the Porto das Caixas fix at 12:58. at 1650 m. He was told to head for the RJ NDB at 1800 m and was later cleared for 1500 m to carry out the Victor Procedure for an approach to Santos Dumont Airport. The DC-3 overflew the RJ NDB at 13:06 at 1700 m. While carrying out the standard 180° turn to the left, the DC-3 was hit on its right side in an upward direction by the US Navy DC-6. The collision occurred at about 1600 m; the DC-3 crashed into the bay just southeast of Sugar Loaf Mountain; the DC-6 crashed into the bay just north of the mountain.
Probable cause:
According to the Brazilian Investigations Board, the accident was attributed to an error of the personnel (pilot of the DC-6) due to improper piloting procedure when flying on authorized instrument flight. The pilot disobeyed the instructions transmitted by Rio Approach Control. An investigation by the US Navy came to a different cause: The accident cannot be attributed to either of the aircraft involved, the manner in which either was operated, or to any
significant actions or errors of the crews. The roles of the language problem, the lack of modern air navigation and control aids and the methods of aircraft traffic control used at Rio de Janeiro, although extremely material, do not attain the status of immediate causes of the accident according to the evidence adduced. Had these matters been different, in one or more respects favorable to greater air safety, this accident might have been avoided. These problems were, however, common to the flights of all aircraft in the area and were well known by the pilots and controller to exist. It is evident that uncertainty on the part of the controller as to the original position of the DC-3; his underestimation of the time factors, including aircraft reaction time; and his lack of appreciation of the communications difficulties and the increasing seriousness of the situation, combined to create the conditions which led to the collision.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6B in Bolivia: 34 killed

Date & Time: Jan 6, 1960 at 0238 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N8225H
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New York – Miami
MSN:
43742
YOM:
1952
Flight number:
NA2511
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
29
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
34
Captain / Total flying hours:
16117
Captain / Total hours on type:
8234.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3863
Copilot / Total hours on type:
723
Aircraft flight hours:
24836
Circumstances:
Flight 2511 departed New York International (Idlewild) Airport at 2334LT on January 5 on an IFR clearance scheduled as a nonstop flight to Miami, Florida. The flight proceeded routinely in accordance with its flight plan until shortly after passing Wilmington, North Carolina. At 0231 Flight 2511 contacted the company radio station at Wilmington while over Carolina Beach at 18,000 feet, and transmitted a routine progress report. Shortly after the completion of this radio contact a dynamite explosion occurred in the passenger cabin. Following this explosion the aircraft entered a wide descending right turn and crashed 1-1/2 miles north-west of Bolivia at 0238 some 16 miles west of its intended flight path. All 29 passengers and the crew of five were killed. It is believed that Julian Frank was the author of this act of sabotage after he contracted a life-insurance for one million US$. But this assumption was not confirmed as he was himself seating in the aircraft when the explosion occurred.
No reference is made in this report concerning the placing of the dynamite aboard the aircraft or of the person or persons responsible for its detonation. The malicious destruction of an aircraft is a Federal crime. After the Board's determination that such was involved, the criminal aspects of this accident were referred to the Department of Justice through its Federal Bureau of Investigation
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the detonation dynamite within the passenger cabin.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A/B in Shannon

Date & Time: Jun 22, 1959
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N5026K
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Shannon – New York
MSN:
44426
YOM:
1954
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Immediately after applying takeoff power, the crew of the DC-6 heard a loud noise and the takeoff was abandoned. A visual check before the plane stopped revealed that the no. 4 engine had separated from the wing. A fire erupted and spread after evacuation, destroying the aircraft. It appeared that the no. 4 propeller had failed and that the unbalanced loads on the engine mounts caused separation of the entire engine. All crew and passengers survived but six dogs the cargo hold died in the accident.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by fatigue failure of No.1 blade of No.4 propeller. Laboratory findings showed that the failure was caused by previous blade bending resulting in the disruption of the compressive stresses in the shot peened area of the propeller blade.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6 in Salisbury: 3 killed

Date & Time: Dec 26, 1958 at 1252 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-BGTZ
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Johannesburg – Salisbury – Brazzaville – Algiers – Nice – Paris
MSN:
43827/337
YOM:
1953
Flight number:
UT736
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
63
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The aircraft was operating UAT scheduled service UT736 from Johannesburg to Paris. It took off from Salisbury Airport at 1252LT for Brazzaville and during takeoff from runway 24 entered rain. The aircraft climbed to about 50 feet and then began to lose airspeed and height. Although the captain was using full power, had 20" of flap extended and the undercarriage retracted, he was unable to prevent the aircraft sinking back on to the ground. Fire broke out immediately after impact. Of the 7 crew and 63 passengers on board, three passengers were killed.
Probable cause:
The aircraft struck the ground shortly after take-off as a result of an uncontrollable loss of airspeed and height due to a sudden squall accompanying the onset of a thunderstorm.
Final Report: