Crash of a Douglas C-54A-10-DC Skymaster in Washington

Date & Time: Sep 12, 1946 at 1342 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N91068
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Washington-National - Washington-National
MSN:
10342
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7272
Captain / Total hours on type:
375.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1175
Copilot / Total hours on type:
332
Aircraft flight hours:
3598
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a local training flight from Washington-National Airport. Enroute, the engine number four caught fire and the crew was unable to extinguish the fire. The captain informed ATC about his situation and obtained the authorization to return to Washington-National Airport for an emergency landing. On final approach to runway 33, the engine number four separated from the wing. Despite the situation, the crew was able to continue the approach and landed safely. While all four crew members were unhurt, the aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair due to the severity of the damages that the right wing suffered due to fire.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure in the No. 4 engine of the exhaust valve of the No. 2 cylinder and the exhaust connection of the No. 1 cylinder which resulted in fire in flight. A contributing factor was the inadequacy of the seal between the firewall and nacelle skin and between individual cowl panels which permitted the fire eventually to reach Zone 3 and to become uncontrollable.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-80-DL in Richmond: 27 killed

Date & Time: May 16, 1946 at 0104 LT
Registration:
NC53218
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Newark – Norfolk – Richmond – Atlanta – Houston
MSN:
19626
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
27
Captain / Total flying hours:
2566
Captain / Total hours on type:
2325.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
500
Copilot / Total hours on type:
100
Aircraft flight hours:
1180
Circumstances:
Few minutes after takeoff from Richmond-Byrd Field Airport, while flying at an altitude of 3,000 feet, the crew informed ATC that an engine failed and obtained the permission to return to Richmond. In heavy rain falls and by night, the crew missed the airport and was forced to make a go around. Few seconds later, while trying to gain height, the aircraft went out of control and crashed 6 miles south of the airfield. The aircraft was totally destroyed and all 27 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The probable cause of this accident was the inability of the pilot to maintain adequate control of the aircraft to effect an emergency single-engine instrument approach under adverse weather conditions. Contributing factors were: The decision of the pilot to continue the flight into weather conditions that were considered as unsafe; the negligence of the pilot in failing to have an inspection of the aircraft engines made prior to departure from Richmond; the action of the pilot in shutting down the wrong engine when experiencing excessive vibration from a power plant; and the pilot's neglect in failing to retract the landing gear during an emergency go-around.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-049 Constellation in Washington

Date & Time: Mar 29, 1946 at 1234 LT
Operator:
Registration:
NC86510
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Paris – Shannon – Gander – New York – Washington
MSN:
2034
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
TW955
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
6200
Captain / Total hours on type:
155.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
11000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
53
Aircraft flight hours:
489
Circumstances:
The flight was cleared to Washington National Airport by the Washington control tower and Instructed to use Runway 21 However, because it had been necessary to bear to the left when northeast of the airport to a position from which approach to Runway 21 was, not practicable, the flight was asked by Washington Tower if it desired to use a right-hand. Pattern for Runway 36 The flight replied that it desired clearance for Runway 27, and, as the wind was calm, Washington Tower approved this request. The flight approached the field from the northeast and while over the east bank of the Potomac River approximately 2/3 of a mile from the boundary of the airport, turned to the right and started a descent in final approach to Runway 27. According to the testimony of the pilots, Initial contact was made with the runway between 800 and 1,000 feet from the approach end and the aircraft continued down the runway with less than normal deceleration, Approximately 600 feet from the far end of the runway the pilot attempted a turn to the right. After turning approximately 30 degrees, the aircraft rolled beyond the runway end and struck a concrete transformer housing. The aircraft whipped approximately 90 degrees to the right and came to rest across a drainage ditch with its empennage extending over the highway which adjoins the airport. All twelve occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the poor judgement of the flight crew in attempting to land from a position which did not afford sufficient time to accomplish a satisfactory approach. A contributing factor was the peer landing technique of the pilot in falling to reduce the air sufficiently for a safe landing. A further contributing factor was the lack of knowledge on the part of the crew concerning the poor braking action of rubber tires on a wet runway.
Final Report:

Crash of a Martin JRM-3 Mars off Virginia Beach

Date & Time: Aug 5, 1945
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
76819
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
9263
YOM:
1945
Crew on board:
10
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was involved in a test flight on this Martin JRM-3 Mars christened 'Hawaii Mars'. While cruising at an altitude of 6,000 feet, severe vibrations forced the crew to reduce his altitude in an attempt to make an emergency landing in the Chesapeake Bay off Virginia Beach. On landing, the seaplane partially broke up and nosed down in water. All ten crew members were rescued and the aircraft was later recovered but considered as written off.
Probable cause:
It appears that a section of the vertical tail fin broke away in flight, causing severe vibrations and forcing the crew to ditch the aircraft.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-277 near Rural Retreat: 17 killed

Date & Time: Feb 23, 1945 at 0225 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC18142
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
New York – Washington DC – Nashville – Los Angeles
MSN:
2138
YOM:
1939
Flight number:
AA009
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
19
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Aircraft flight hours:
17296
Circumstances:
The aircraft left Washington DC Airport at 0011LT bound for Nashville, continued to the southwest at an altitude of 4,000 feet. While cruising in poor weather conditions due to turbulence and rain falls, the aircraft hit tree tops and crashed on the slope of Mt Glade located 5,6 miles southwest of Rural Retreat. Rescue teams arrived on the scene some four hours later. The stewardess and four passengers were seriously injured and evacuated to local hospitals while all 17 other occupants, among them both pilots, were killed.
Crew:
James E. Stroud, pilot, †
Robert E. Brigman, copilot, †
Sarah Worley Padgett, stewardess.
Probable cause:
The Board concludes that the probable cause of the accident was the pilot's failure to properly plan the flight and remain at a sage instrument altitude under existing conditions. A contributing cause of the accident was the company's laxity in dispatching and supervising the flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas BD-2 Havoc near Roanoke

Date & Time: Oct 24, 1944
Operator:
Registration:
7039
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
5109
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
En route, both engines failed and the crew was forced to attempt an emergency landing in a pasture. While all four crew members were unhurt, the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Dual engine failure caused by a fuel supply system problem.

Crash of a Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina off Cape Henry: 9 killed

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1944
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
46461
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
1825
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Circumstances:
The crew was involved in a night maritime patrol flight off the Virginia coast. In unknown circumstances, the seaplane crashed into the sea off Cape Henry, north of Virginia Beach. No trace of the aircraft nor the nine crew members was found.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46A-40-CU Commando in Richmond

Date & Time: Jun 8, 1944 at 1200 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
42-107335
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
MSN:
27022
YOM:
1944
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Crashed on take off for unknown reason. Occupant fate unknown as well.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-1-DL in Richmond: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jan 22, 1944
Operator:
Registration:
42-23302
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Maxton - Richmond
MSN:
9164
YOM:
1943
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Maxton AFB, crew started the approach to Richmond-Byrd Field when he was informed that this airport was closed to traffic due to poor weather conditions. In accordance with ATC, crew diverted to Richmond-Central Airport and completed the approach and the landing procedure safely. After landing, aircraft vacated the runway via a taxiway and for unknown reasons, it entered the adjacent grass and got stuck. Pilot increased engine power too much, allowing the tail to rise and then the nose to plunge into the earth. Both engines propeller blades struck the ground and some of them were sheared off, hitting the cockpit and killing the captain. All three other occupants were uninjured while the aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Martin PBM-3S Mariner off Virginia Beach: 18 killed

Date & Time: Dec 13, 1943
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
48126
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
48126
Crew on board:
18
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Circumstances:
The float plane and its crew were engaged in a maritime patrol flight off the Virginia coast. In unknown circumstances, the aircraft crashed into the sea. No trace of the aircraft nor the 18 crew was found. The aircraft was registered 48126 (VP-213).